青少年憂鬱概念、憂鬱程度與求助態度之相關研究

Abstract

本研究主要目的在瞭解不同背景變項之青少年在憂鬱概念、憂鬱程度與求助態度的差異情形，同時探討青少年憂鬱概念、憂鬱程度與求助態度的關係。採用分層叢集抽樣的方式，自台北市、高雄市及台灣省北、中、南、東四區，分別抽取國中、高中、高職各一所學校，每校各年級各抽取一個班級，共54班的在學青少年為研究對象，有效樣本共計2036人。 本研究採用問卷調查法進行資料收集，所使用的研究工具包括：「憂鬱常識測驗」、「憂鬱信念與態度量表」、「流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表」及「求助態度量表」。調查所得資料，以卡方檢定、t考驗、單因子單變量變異數分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、典型相關分析以及簡單迴歸分析等統計方法進行處理。主要研究結果如下： 1.不同性别、地區、年級之青少年參加憂鬱症課程之比例具有顯著差異存在。 2.不同性別、地區、年級、參加憂鬱症課程與否、家人有無憂鬱症等背景變項之青少年，其憂鬱概念具有顯著差異。 3.不同性別、年級之青少年其憂鬱程度沒有顯著差異；不同地區、課業滿意度之青少年，其憂鬱程度則有顯著不同。 4.不同地區之青少年其求助態度沒有顯著差異；不同性別、年級、受輔經驗之青少年，其求助態度則有顯著不同。 5.青少年之憂鬱概念與求助態度之間具有典型相關存在。 6.青少年之憂鬱程度可有效預測求助態度，且憂鬱程度愈高，求助態度愈消極。 最後，研究者依據本研究結果加以討論，並提出具體建議以供學校憂鬱症預防課程及未來研究之參考。

The purpose of the study was to investigate differences in concepts of depression, degree of depression and help-seeking attitudes among adolescents of different demographic variables, as well as to explore relationships among concepts of depression, degree of depression and help-seeking attitudes in adolescents. By using stratified cluster sampling, a total of 2,036 seventh to twelfth graders were chosen from high schools in Taipei city, Kaohsiung city, and the northern, central, southern and eastern regions of Taiwan. In the present study data were collected through a survey method. Instruments including Depression Knowledge Quiz, Belief and Attitudes of Depression Scale, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and Attitudes Toward Seeking Professional Psychological Help Scale were used. Data obtained in this study were analyzed by Chi-square test, t-test, one-way ANOVA, one-way MANOVA, canonical correlation analysis and simple regression analysis. Main findings of this research were as follows: 1.Percentages of attending depression curriculum differ significantly among adolescents of different genders, areas and grades. 2.Concepts of depression were significantly different among adolescents of different genders, areas, grades, attending curriculum of depression or not and family members having depressive disorder or not. 3.While degree of depression did not differ significantly among adolescents of different genders and grades, significant differences were found among adolescents of different areas and satisfaction in academic achievement. 4.Help-seeking attitudes showed no difference among adolescents from different areas, while there were significant difference among adolescents of different genders, grades, and experience of counseling. 5.Canonical correlation was found between concepts of depression and help-seeking attitudes in adolescents. 6.Degree of depression significantly predicted help-seeking attitudes of adolescents: the higher the degree of depression, the more passive the help-seeking attitudes are. Suggestions and implications of the results were discussed for school-based depression prevention curriculum as well as for future studies.