N. Noddings民主教育理論之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探究Noddings的民主教育理論，研究者將運用概念分析和詮釋學的研究方法，了解美國二十世紀的重要民主教育理論，進而，探究Noddings的民主教育內涵，包含Noddings為當代提出的民主教育目標、民主教育在學校當中的落實方式，以及民主教育融入人類生活領域之主張。研究者將探究和建構Noddings的民主教育觀點和實踐之內涵，最後，為本研究做出結論和提出建議。研究者發現，Noddings的民主教育觀點奠基於Dewey基於溝通的民主教育主張，其認可Hutchins博雅教育對於永恆性問題的貢獻，以及認同Gutmann審議式民主的教育觀點。Noddings認為當代的教育應改變二十世紀處於競爭、官僚式，和標準化的教育狀態，而應朝向合作、批判思考，和創造力的民主教育。基於此，Noddings為學校提出民主教育的實踐內涵，包含應保障公民的受教機會和提升學校教育的品質，以及在課程當中實現適性教育，落實教育機會均等。Noddings主張民主教育應涵蓋人類的生活領域，包含家庭生活教育、職業教育，以及公民教育，讓人們有能力讓其在民主社會的生活更美好。Noddings的民主教育理論對於二十一世紀的教育發展具有相當程度的啟發性，值得教育工作者從教育的理論層面和實務層面進行更為深入之探究，期許能讓當代的民主教育能有更為成熟且完善的實踐與發展。

The aim of this study is to explore Noddings' theory of democratic education. The researcher will use conceptual analysis and hermeneutic research methods to understand the important democratic education theories of the 20th century in the United States. Furthermore, the study will explore the content of Noddings' democratic education, including the goals for contemporary democratic education proposed by Noddings, the ways democratic education is implemented in schools, and the integration of democratic education into the domains of humanlife. The researcher will explore and construct the content of Noddings' viewpoints and practices regarding democratic education, and finally, draw conclusions and make recommendations for the study. The researcher found that Noddings' perspective on democratic education is based on Dewey's advocacy for democratic education based on communication, acknowledges the contribution of Hutchins' liberal education to addressing perennial issues, and agrees with Gutmann's view on deliberative democracy in education. Noddings believes that contemporary education shouldmove away from the state of competition, bureaucracy, and standardization in the 20th century and towards democratic education that emphasizes cooperation, critical thinking, and creativity. Based on this, Noddings proposes the practical content of democratic education in schools, which includes ensuring citizens' right to education, improving the quality of school education, implementing individualized education in the curriculum, and realizing equality of educational opportunity. Noddings advocates that democratic education should encompass the domains of human life, including home life education, vocational education, and civic education, enabling people to enhance their lives in a democratic society. Noddings' theory of democratic education has a significant degree of inspiration for the development of education in the 21st century. It is worthy of deeper exploration by educators both theoretically and practically, with the hope of achieving a more mature and comprehensive practice and development of contemporary democratic education.