跆拳道競賽執行Video Replay之探討以2012年倫敦奧運跆拳道女子組-67公斤級為例

Abstract

本研究目的探討2012年倫敦奧運跆拳道女子組比賽Video Replay申訴情形之分析。研究方法：以深度訪談法對三位不同身份的跆拳道教練、裁判及選手進行研究。研究結果：一、2012年倫敦奧運會跆拳道女子組67公斤級的比賽，平均每一場申訴的暫停時間為84.17秒，其中最長申訴暫停時間為181秒；教練因戰術考量在第三回合使用申訴制度次數為最多；該參賽量級申訴的成功率已超過全部申訴次數的一半，因此應該加強裁判判決的素質及給分的正確性，避免判定失誤。二、從教練、裁判及選手三個觀點介入分析發現在Video Replay實施的制度下的確造成整體賽事的流暢度不足，選手的攻擊動作因體能衰退與判決結果造成自信心不足而無法有精彩的演出，影響整場賽事的可看性與精彩度，進而失去熱情參與的觀眾。三、跆拳道必須在公平、公開的前提下完成競賽的過程。在公平嚴謹的Video Replay制度下，必須以更精密的攝影器材輔助及專業人士協助操作，以縮短裁判判決的過程，增加比賽的流暢度。結論：世界跆拳道聯盟必須在攻擊動作及得分效果，做出明確區隔與修正，鼓勵選手挑戰高難度高得分動作，增加競賽可看性；並且以提高裁判執法素質為前提，規劃良好的學習課程、演練模擬執法的過程與嚴謹專業的執法態度，提供執法錯誤再教育的課程與判決經驗分享說明會，才能有效提高所有跆拳道裁判的良好素質。Abstract This research aims at discussing the analysis of video play appeal condition in Women’s Taekwondo at the Games of 2012 London Olympiad. Research method: conducted in-depth interview with three different identities, including coach, referee, and athlete of Taekwondo. Research results: 1. In Women’s 67kg Taekwondo at the Games of 2012 London Olympiad, the average pause period of appeal in each match was 84.17 seconds, among them, the longest pause period of appeal was 181 seconds. In consideration of strategy, appeals were used by the coach the most in the third round. The success rate of appeal at this weight exceeded the half of all appeals; thus, referees’ quality of judgment and accuracy of giving scores should be improved to avoid erroneous judgments. 2. The fluency insufficient of games caused by video replay system was found with interfering analyzing three aspects of coach, referee, and athlete. Physical decline and judgment results cause the lack of confidence in attack of athlete and colorless performances, affecting the worth watching and spectacular performance of the game, further losing enthusiastic audiences. 3. Competition of Taekwondo should be finished in the premise of fair and open. The fair and strict video replay system should be operated with more precise equipment and assistance of professional personnel to shorten the progress of judgment and increase the fluency of games. Conclusion: World Taekwondo Federation should make clear segmentation and revision on attack action and scoring effect, encouraging athletes to challenge actions with high difficulty and high score and making the games worth watching; in the premise of advancing referees’ quality of judgment, planning well learning courses, training simulated judging progress and serious and professional enforcement attitude. In order to effectively attain great quality of all Taekwondo referees, reeducation of wrongful judgment and experience sharing seminars are needed.