經濟華語詞表建置與詞彙特色分析──以《經濟學人》為例

Abstract

本文旨在透過國際新聞週刊《經濟學人》中譯版語料，建置出〈經濟新聞常用詞表〉，進而分析詞表的「主題分類」及「覆蓋率」之穩定度，以輔助相關背景的學習者擴充專業詞彙。對於經濟背景的華語學習者而言，理解華語經濟新聞有其必要。然而，鑑於市面上的新聞教材常因文章撰寫年代久遠、主題針對性低、選文標準不明而有待改善，本研究蒐集2013年至2021年天下雜誌《經濟學人》2,286篇中譯報導，共計131萬個詞作為分析語料，從中統計出高頻詞彙，並濾除國教院第一級至第四級的通用詞彙後，產出〈經濟新聞常用詞表〉，以輔助相關背景的學習者擴充專業詞彙。《經濟學人》作為全球發行的新聞週刊，報導議題受到全球關注。學習此刊之措辭不僅能提高專業用語的精確度，亦能接軌重要時事。為了進一步檢驗詞表覆蓋率的穩定度，本研究再以2022年至2023年為期一年的新文章作為比對基準，結果顯示本詞表對於新文章的覆蓋率依然穩定，與通用詞表合計覆蓋率可達到近八成。此外，本研究進一步將經濟詞彙依主題分類為九大面向：「企業管理」、「波動」、「財務投資」、「產業」、「法務及法令遵循」、「買賣」、「行銷」、「景氣」、「貨幣及匯率」。主題分類可強化詞彙之間的關聯，提供學習者認知詞彙的框架，亦有助於教材情境的編寫。再者，本研究由詞表中探討經濟詞彙所呈現之特色，包含單音節詞彙、縮略詞、大量手部動詞、經濟隱喻及常用詞串的運用。上述特色可作為教材複習的統整主題，幫助學習者從不同面向切入經濟詞彙。最後，本研究提出詞表在實務上的應用與建議，包含作為學習者自學經濟詞彙的指引、教師衡量教材適切性的依據。在教學上，宜利用詞表強化學習者的語體轉換能力，可避免詞彙斷層，亦可促進學習者的隱喻意識，延長對經濟詞彙的記憶存續。

This thesis aims to construct an economic news word list using the corpus from the translated version of the weekly magazine, The Economist. The themes and stability of the coverage rate are analyzed, providing support for learners with relevant backgrounds to expand their professional vocabulary. For Chinese learners with an economic background, comprehending economic news in Chinese is essential. Even though some news materials cover economic issues, there is still room for improvement due to the outdated topics, low targeted themes, and unclear selection standards. Therefore, this study collected 2,286 translated reports from The Economist over the past ten years, with a total of 1.31 million words as the analysis corpus. Then, an economic news word list was compiled by statistically analyzing high-frequency words and filtering out the general words. The list aims to assist learners with relevant backgrounds to expand their professional vocabulary. Moreover, this study has classified economic vocabulary into nine themes: business management, volatility, financial investment, industry, legal compliance, buy and sell, marketing, economic climate, currency and exchange rates. These categories can provide learners with a framework for vocabulary learning, and facilitates the writing of teaching materials. Furthermore, this study has explored the characteristics of economic vocabulary presented in the list. These characteristics can serve as review themes for teaching materials and help learners approach economic vocabulary from different angles. Finally, this study has proposed practical applications and suggestions for the word list, including its use as a guide for learners to study economic vocabulary independently and as a criterion for teachers to evaluate the appropriateness of teaching materials. In teaching, the vocabulary list can be utilized to strengthen learners' abilities to shift language style to avoid competence gaps and promote learners' metaphorical awareness to extend their memory retention of economic vocabulary.