憂鬱症團體領導者心理位移之經驗及影響分析研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討團體領導者心理位移之經驗與影響。資料來源為11位非結構性憂鬱症團體領導者於每次團體之後，運用心理位移書寫法書寫團體之102份文本以及在其經過8-10次書寫之後所進行之個別訪談，共計22小時的逐字稿。所得資料以現象學取向研究方法進行分析，結果發現，團體領導者透過心理位移書寫：（一）經驗到「我」、「你」、「他」、「再回到我」以及綜合性整體位格各自有其特徵與功能，並且有其產生的原因；也經驗到在不同位格上，深度與廣度不同，且不同位格有其彼此相互影響之脈絡以及越到書寫後期，深度越深等現象。（二）在自我層面產生了「自我覺察」、「自我運作」以及「自我安頓」等三個影響層面，且各自有其內涵；同時也發現到達「自我安頓」之不同歷程。（三）在團體層面呈現出團體領導者關注的團體議題以及對團體的改變內涵，包括改變對團體的詮釋或態度、改變對團體的介入行為或態度、改變對成員的觀點或態度、增加對團體動力的覺察與理解、改變對團體領導者角色與功能的認定、協助準備進入下次團體以及減少與協同領導者風格不同之衝擊等。（四）發現從團體到自我，再從自我到團體或者透過自我改變帶出團體改變之影響脈絡。（五）產生「自我」、「團體」以及「專業技巧」三個層面之自我督導功能；同時也發現產生自我督導的原因、歷程以及其與一般督導之比較與限制等。 文末針對研究結果進行討論與建議。The purpose of this research was to understand the experience and influence of psychological displacement on leaders of depression support groups. Participants of the study included 11 non-structured depression support group leaders. Data were collected from two sources: writing-diaries of group leaders after each session using first-person pronoun first, and then narrated the same event using second-person pronoun, and finally with a third-person’s perspective; and individual interviews with participants after 8 to 10 diary-writings. A total of 102 writing diaries and 22 hours of transcripts were collected and analyzed by phenomenon-oriented methodology, and the results found that: 1) In terms of experiences of using psychological displacement paradigm in diary-writing (PDPD) on group leaders: there were some features and functions in different pronoun phase and the comprehensive part. In accounting for different features and functions, results were also proposed and discussed. When comparing different pronouns, this study found that different pronouns vary in depth and width, as well as in the number of times of diary-writing. 2)Influences on the self level: results found that PDPD influenced on the level of self awareness, self-operation, and self-containment. 3)Influences on the group level: Of which includes leaders’ concerned issues and changes towards group members, group dynamics, interpretations, attitudes, and interventions, etc. 4) Further analysis also found that the level of self and group were inter-correlated. 5)self-supervision: functions of 3 aspects of self-supervision were found: self, group and professional counseling skills. With respect to the influence on self-supervision, this study proposes reasons and processes for that result, and comparisons with regular forms of supervision and liabilities were also discussed. Finally, results were discussed and suggestions were addressed.