台北都會區老年人健康知識與其休閒活動參與情形之關係研究

Abstract

摘 要 本研究以台北市老人社會大學的老人學員為研究對象，以社會人口變項、健康知識問卷、PASE 身體活動量表以及 SF-36 中文版健康量表探究老年人健康知識、健康狀況以及休閒活動參與情形之間的關係，採問卷調查之方式訪問了277位老年人，所得之資料以T檢定、單因子變異數分析、Pearson 積差相關及多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行分析，所得結果如下： 壹、都會地區的老年人最常從事的休閒活動類型以外出步行或散步的活動為最多，其次為坐著的靜態活動，最少的活動類型為增強肌耐力的活動。而未婚的人在坐著的靜態活動的參與分數比起已經結婚的人來的高且頻繁；另外，配偶沒有亡故的老年人相對於配偶已經去世的老年人在參與重度身體活動上有比較高的活動分數跟活動頻率。 貳、配偶存歿與健康知識兩者之間有關係存在，且配偶尚存的老年人在健康知識的得分上，顯著高於配偶已經亡故的老年人。 參、性別變項與健康情形之間有關係的存在，而且女性的整體健康狀況優於男性健康狀況。而結婚與否僅與身體功能該方面的健康狀況有關係。再者，教育程度與自覺健康和情緒限制兩項分量表之間亦有關係存在。經濟來源與活動限制、自覺健康和活力狀況兩兩之間也是有關係存在。 肆、健康知識與各種休閒活動的參與程度之間有顯著相關的存在，其中健康知識與輕度身體活動的相關高於健康知識與其他活動的相關，而且坐著的活動、輕度的活動、重度的活動三種活動與健康知識的得分比較有關係。 伍、在健康知識與健康情形的關係當中，健康知識與身體功能、身體疼痛、自覺健康、活力狀況、社會功能、情緒限制以及心理健康各分量表之間有相關的存在，而且身體功能、情緒限制以及心理健康三種健康狀況與健康知識的得分比較有關係。 陸、在休閒活動參與類型與健康狀況之間的關係，從事外出步行或是散步該類型的休閒活動與身體功能、活動限制、身體疼痛、自覺健康、社會功能、情緒限制以及心理健康七個健康量表有相關；從事輕度身體活動該類型的休閒活動與身體功能、身體疼痛、自覺健康、活力狀況、社會功能、情緒限制以及心理健康七個健康量表之間有相關存在；從事中度身體活動類型的休閒活動與所有的健康量表均有相關存在；從事重度身體活動該類型的休閒活動與身體功能、活動限制、身體疼痛、自覺健康、活力狀況、社會功能以及心理健康七個健康量表之間有相關存在；從事增強肌耐力的活動該類型的休閒活動與身體功能、身體疼痛、自覺健康、活力狀況以及心理健康五個健康量表之間有相關。

關鍵字：老年人、健康知識、健康狀況、休閒活動參與情形Abstract

This research is concerned with the relationship between the health knowledge and the leisure activity participation of the elderly in Taipei metropolitan area. The questionnaire, containing Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) and SF-36 Scale (the Chinese version), were answered by 277 elderly people. The software SPSS 12.0 version for windows was used to analyze the collected quantitative data. The results of this research indicate that: 1.The most common leisure activity for the elderly in Taipei metropolitan area is taking a walk. The motionless activities are the second common, and the activities for enhancing trunk muscles are the least. In addition, the single elderly people participate in motionless activities more frequently than the married ones. The married elderly whose spouse is still alive show greater participation in high-level physical activities than the widow/widower. 2.The married elderly whose spouse is still alive get higher scores in the health knowledge test than the widow/widower elderly. 3.There is a relationship between gender and the health status. According to the data, the female elderly are healthier than the male. In addition, marriage is related to Physical Functioning. The relationships among education, General Health and Role-Emotional are also identified. 4.The health knowledge is closely related to the leisure activity participation. The correlation between the health knowledge and low-level physical activities is the most significant. Motionless activities, low-level physical activities and high-level physical activities are able to predict the health knowledge. 5.The health knowledge is associated with Physical Functioning, Bodily Pain, General Health, Vitality, Social Functioning, Role-Emotional, and Mental Health. Physical Functioning, Role-Emotional, and Mental Health are able to predict the health knowledge. 6.The health status is associated with moderate-level physical activities.