漢越詞對越南學生在閱讀漢語能力之影響

Abstract

漢越詞在越南扮演補充且豐富越南語的重要角色，也是漢源詞的其中一種。由於漢越詞是越南人根據漢語的發音，使用越南讀音讀漢字。因此大部分的漢越詞跟漢語的發音相似度很高，加上漢越詞的順序排列基本上也跟漢語相同，因此越南學生只要知道漢字的讀音就可以馬上判斷出漢語的語意，也可以直接從漢越音創出新的漢語，這是漢越詞對越南學生學漢語帶來的正遷移。但是由於部分越南學生對漢越詞還不夠了解，因此，當運用漢越詞學習漢語時，難免存在一些負遷移作用。 學習任何外語聽、說、讀、寫四種能力均不可或缺。對越南學生而言，聽說方面並不構成問題，主要的學習障礙在於閱讀和寫作方面。但是目前仍缺乏閱讀與寫作方面的研究。因此，本研究從閱讀方面著手，結合漢越詞，探討漢越詞對越南學生的漢語閱讀及學習成效。研究對象為來台留學的越南學生，漢語程度為中級。以問卷調查法作為經驗性資料收集，透過調查結果推估越南學生在學習漢語過程中，尤其是閱讀部分，從而了解漢越詞影響漢語學習的狀況。另外，透過測驗受試者的漢語閱讀能力結果，以統計法來推估有無使用漢越詞教學法，對受試者閱讀能力學習之差異。最後從教學過程以及分析結果提出漢越詞對越南學生漢語閱讀之正負遷移作用，從而提出建議。

Sino-Vietnamese words play an important role in Vietnam and is abundant in the Vietnamese language. Most of the Sino-Vietnamese words have a high degree of similarity with the Chinese pronunciation, and the order of the Chinese and Vietnamese words is essentially the same as that of the Chinese. This is the positive migration of Sino-Vietnamese words to Vietnamese students learning Chinese. However, because some Vietnamese students do not know enough about Sino-Vietnamese words, it is inevitable that the use Sino-Vietnamese words in learning Chinese will have some negative migration. The subjects of this study were Vietnamese students who came to Taiwan to study at an intermediate level. For the collection of empirical data, the questionnaire survey method was used. From the survey results, Vietnamese students were evaluated on the process of learning Chinese, in particular, the reading portion, to better understand the influence of Sino-Vietnamese words on Chinese learning. In addition, by testing the results of the Chinese reading ability of the subjects, statistical methods were used to estimate whether there was a difference in the reading ability of the subjects using the Sino-Vietnamese words teaching method. Finally, from the teaching process and the analysis results, the positive and negative transfer effect of Sino-Vietnamese Words on Vietnamese students' Chinese reading is proposed.