在臺國際學生知覺微歧視、跨文化適應壓力以及憂鬱之相關研究

Abstract

中文摘要

本研究目的在探討不同人口學變項之國際學生在知覺微歧視和跨文化適應壓力之差異情形，以及知覺微歧視、跨文化適應與憂鬱之相關情形。研究採用問卷調查法，針對全臺各區的大專院校國際學生，進行「種族微歧視量表（Racial Microaggression Scale）」、「國際學生跨文化適應壓力量表（Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students）」、「流行病學研究中心憂鬱量表修訂版（The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale–Revised）」與基本資料問卷的施測。填答有效問卷的研究餐與者共213人，其中男性92人，女性121人，平均年齡為23.7歲。問卷調查所得資料以描述統計、單因子變異數分析、相關分析與逐步迴歸分析。所得研究結果為：女性、高加索白人／歐洲人、有穩定關係與修讀正式學位之國際學生於知覺微歧視的得分顯著較高；亞洲人、旅外華僑與修讀正式學位之國際學生於跨文化適應壓力的得分則顯著較高。另外，國際學生之知覺微歧視、跨文化適應壓力與憂鬱之間具有顯著正相關，且知覺微歧視及跨文化適應壓力可聯合解釋在臺國際學生憂鬱的總變異量的31%。 整體而言，本研究以多元文化觀點，探究不同族群的國際學生在微歧視和跨文化適應壓力表現上的差異性，以及微歧視和心理健康的關聯性。最後，本研究根據上述結果，建議未來研究可檢驗在臺國際學生的知覺微歧視種類別、修正微歧視的定義以適用於各種文化脈絡、探討臺灣人對國際學生之觀感，以及研究國際學生於跨文化適應歷程中的正向因素（例如：因應策略）。Abstract

The purpose of this study was to explore differences between microaggressions and acculturative stress of international students with different demographic backgrounds, and relations between their perceived microaggressions, acculturative stress and depression. A total of 213 international students (male = 92, female = 121; average age = 23.7) across Taiwan participated in the study through paper-and-pencil and online surveys. Participants completed the Racial Microaggression Scale (RMAS), Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students (ASSIS), The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale–Revised (CESD-R), and a demographic questionnaire measuring the study variables. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way analysis of variance, correlation, and stepwise regression. In terms of demographics, the findings indicated that male Whites/Caucasians/Europeans students who were in relationship and who studied in degree programs reported higher levels of microaggressions. In addition, Asians, overseas Chinese, and students who studied in degree programs indicated higher amounts of acculturative stress. For all groups there was a positively significant correlation between perceived microaggressions, acculturative stress and depression, and 31% of variance of depression was explained by acculturative stress and perceived microaggressions. In general, this study provided a multicultural perspective on ethnicity as a factor for microaggressions and acculturative stress, and on the link between microaggressions and mental health among international students in Taiwan. Due to the current findings, future research is encouraged to examine specific microaggression issues among international students in Taiwan, adjust the definition of microaggressions for applying to more cultural backgrounds, attitude of Taiwanese society toward international students, and positive factors, such as coping strategies, relating to acculturating process among this group.