國中生正念、家庭氣氛與感恩特質之關聯性研究

Abstract

本研究主要探討國中生正念、家庭氣氛、感恩特質三者間之關係，採問卷調查法，以臺灣北部地區（包括臺北市、新北市、宜蘭縣、桃園縣）484位國中生為施測對象，針對問卷資料進行描述統計、平均數t檢定、單因子變異數分析、Pearson積差相關、階層迴歸分析、典型相關等統計方法之分析。主要研究結果如下： 一、國中生具有良好的正念、家庭氣氛大致融洽、具中上程度的感恩特質。 二、國中生正念在性別、年級及家庭社經地位無顯著差異。 三、國中生家庭氣氛及其各構面的感受女生優於男生；國中八年級學生在家庭氣氛中之「手足情誼」平均優於七年級學生，而七年級學生在「家庭情感」平均高於九年級學生；高家庭社經地位學生在家庭氣氛中之家庭要求、家庭關懷的感受較良好。 四、國中女生感恩特質之整體感恩特質、「欣賞簡單事物」、「感激他人」平均得分皆高於男生、國中生之感恩特質在年級、家庭社經地位無顯著差異。 五、國中生正念與家庭氣氛呈現低度正向相關。 六、國中生正念與感恩特質多呈現低度正向相關。 七、國中生家庭氣氛與感恩特質多呈現中度正向相關。 八、國中生性別對感恩特質具有顯著預測力，在控制背景變項後，家庭氣氛中之「家庭情感」能正向預測感恩特質。 九、國中生在家庭氣氛中的「家庭互動」、「家庭情感」的感受愈佳，感恩特質之「感激他人」部分越佳。 十、國中生家庭氣氛中的「手足情誼」、「家庭要求」的感受愈佳，則感恩特質之「欣賞簡單事物」的感覺越多。 依據研究結果進行討論，進而提出對家庭教育、諮商輔導、學校課程及未來研究建議，以供不同領域及未來研究參考。This study mainly discusses the relationship among the junior high school student’ mindfulness, family atmosphere and gratitude traits. Questionnaire survey was used and 484 copies were distributed to junior high school students with purposive sampling in northern Taiwan （including Taipei City, New Taipei City, Yilan County, and Taoyuan City）. The researcher use descriptive statistics, t-test, one way ANOVA, Pearson's product-moment correlation, hierarchical moderator regression, and canonical correlation to analysis. The conclusions are as follows: 1. Students in junior high schools perceive middle level of mindfulness , a generally harmonious family atmosphere, and a gratitude trait with medium and high levels. 2.There is no significant difference in gender, grade, and family social economic status. 3. Female students’ feeling of the family atmosphere and various aspects are significantly different from male students. There are significant differences in siblings and family feelings. Students with high family socioeconomic status feeling of family requirements and family care is better. 4.The overall gratitude traits of the female students’ gratitude traits, “appreciation of simple things” and “gratefulness to others” are higher than male students. There are no significant differences in the grades of gratitude traits and family socioeconomic status. 5.Students' mindfulness are positively correlated with family atmosphere. 6.Students' mindfulness and gratitude traits are generally low positive correlation. 7.Students' gender family atmosphere and gratitude traits are generally medium positive correlation. 8.Students has a significant predictive effect on the traits of gratitude. After controlling the background variables, “family feelings” in the family atmosphere can positively predict gratitude. 9.Students’ feeling of "family interaction" and "family emotion" in the family atmosphere are better, the "gratitude for others" part of the gratitude traits is better. 10.Students’ feeling of "brotherhood" and "family requirements" in the family atmosphere are better, and the more "grasping the simple things" of gratitude traits they feel. Based on the findings of the study, the recommendations for family education, counseling, school curriculum and future research are proposed for reference in different fields and for future research.