資深諮商心理師從遭逢兒童青少年案主臨床困境到安頓身心之轉變歷程研究
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2011
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本研究旨在探究資深諮商心理師在遭逢兒童青少年案主臨床困境時，如何因應與自我照顧，以達到安頓身心之目的。為瞭解資深諮商心理師之經驗，本研究以建構主義之紮根理論方法學，採半結構式一對一深度訪談進行。本研究共邀請12位資深諮商心理師自願參與研究，分享他們所曾遭遇之兒童青少年案主臨床困境經驗，以及他們如何因應、處理，並自我照顧以安頓其身心。研究參與者年齡在40-59歲之間，平均年齡45.7歲；心理諮商工作資歷在15-27年之間，平均年資為18.8年；兒童青少年諮商工作年資在6-22年之間，平均年資為11.8年；其中2位男性，10位女性。研究結果發現，諮商師從新手到目前的資深階段，曾遭遇的兒童青少年案主臨床困境包括：（1）來自案主特質的困境，（2）來自案主生態系統與環境的困境，（3）來自機構與制度的困境，（4）身體嚴重受傷或癌症案主的困境，以及（5）案主議題勾到諮商師個人議題的困境。有效的困境因應策略則為：（1）持續進修，（2）發揮思考功能，以及（3）採取具體處理策略。諮商師面對臨床困境的因應方式，似乎有個共同的因素，即是積極面對挑戰、彈性因應的態度。至於資深諮商師困境中身心的安頓有二個取徑，分別為：（1）以生命哲學安頓自己，以及（2）以宗教觀/靈性觀安頓身心。最後，研究發現，諮商師所經歷的臨床困境與安頓身心的經驗，會與其個人生命與專業的轉變相互關連與影響。最後本研究將針對上述研究結果進行討論，並針對實務與未來研究提出建議。
The purpose of this research was to explore how child counseling psychologists cope with difficult clients and take care of themselves. The grounded theory which followed the constructivism paradigm was adopted in the study. Data were collected by semi-structured individual in-depth interviews. Twelve experienced counseling psychologists (10 females and 2 males, age 40-59, mean age = 45.7) voluntarily participated in the study, with mean counseling experience of 18.8 years, and mean child and adolescent counseling experience 11.8 years. The findings indicated that the difficulties working with child and adolescent clients were resulted from: (1) clients’ characteristics, (2) clients’ ecosystem and environment, (3) “reality” restrictions from the organizations and systems, (4) clients with severe physical illness, and (5) countertransference issues triggered by the clients. The effective coping strategies were: (1) to receive continuing education, (2) to create an introspective thinking space, and (3) to select and adopt useful intervening strategies flexibly. A common factor of these coping strategies was to face challenges with a positive and flexible attitude. Two major approaches of experienced counseling psychologists were applied to comfort their bodies and souls: (1) life philosophy, and (2) religion or spirituality. The research also found that a psychologist’s clinical difficulties and his/her body and soul’s comforting experiences were connected with and affected by his/her transition in personal life and counseling profession. The detailed results and suggestions for further research and practice were discussed.
The purpose of this research was to explore how child counseling psychologists cope with difficult clients and take care of themselves. The grounded theory which followed the constructivism paradigm was adopted in the study. Data were collected by semi-structured individual in-depth interviews. Twelve experienced counseling psychologists (10 females and 2 males, age 40-59, mean age = 45.7) voluntarily participated in the study, with mean counseling experience of 18.8 years, and mean child and adolescent counseling experience 11.8 years. The findings indicated that the difficulties working with child and adolescent clients were resulted from: (1) clients’ characteristics, (2) clients’ ecosystem and environment, (3) “reality” restrictions from the organizations and systems, (4) clients with severe physical illness, and (5) countertransference issues triggered by the clients. The effective coping strategies were: (1) to receive continuing education, (2) to create an introspective thinking space, and (3) to select and adopt useful intervening strategies flexibly. A common factor of these coping strategies was to face challenges with a positive and flexible attitude. Two major approaches of experienced counseling psychologists were applied to comfort their bodies and souls: (1) life philosophy, and (2) religion or spirituality. The research also found that a psychologist’s clinical difficulties and his/her body and soul’s comforting experiences were connected with and affected by his/her transition in personal life and counseling profession. The detailed results and suggestions for further research and practice were discussed.
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安頓身心, 自我照顧, 困境因應, 兒童青少年諮商, 資深諮商心理師, 臨床困境, settling one’s body and soul, self caring, coping strategy, child and adolescent counseling, experienced counseling psychologists, clinic difficulty