臺灣地區優秀女子足球選手比賽壓力來源和因應策略之研究

Abstract

本研究目的旨在探討我國優秀女子足球選手，比賽中壓力來源及因應比賽壓力的方法、策略及成效。透過深入訪談法，記錄選手們平常訓練時、比賽前與比賽中的經歷與體驗而進行問題的探討。本研究以2010~2015年間，實際參與國際賽之我國優秀女子足球選手共計15位選手作為研究對象。研究所得資料經分析及歸類探討後發現：我國優秀女子足球選手平時訓練壓力來源主要是教練、自己的隊友及選手本身無法突破自己；比賽前的壓力來源主要有觀眾及社會的期待、教練及父母親的期待、對手強弱；比賽中的壓力來源主要有自己的 狀況不好、教練及父母親的期待、比數落後。而選手在面臨壓力時所採取的因應策略主要有自我對話、正面思考、專注在賽事、意象等因應策略。少部分選手都不太滿意教練在心理技能訓練的角色扮演。因此，提供有系統、有方法的心理技能訓練課程確實是訓練上不可或缺的成功關鍵。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the pressure sources during competition and the methods, strategies, effects in response to competition stress among elite female soccer players. Through depth interviews, the players’ usual training experience and competition experience were recorded and discussed. A total of 15 elite soccer players participating in the international competitions from 2010 to 2015 were recruited in this study. Data were analyzed and there were three findings. First, the main pressure sources of elite female soccer players during usual training were the expectations from the coaches, the inability to break their and partners’ own records. Second, the pressure sources before competition were that the expectations from the audience and the society, the expectations from the coaches and their parents, and the strength of their competitors. Third, the pressure sources during competition were their worst condition, the expectation from the coaches and their parents, and the scores behind their opposite. The main strategies to reduce pressure were self-talk, positive thinking, focusing on the court and imagery. Some of the players were not satisfied with the coach in the role of mental skills training. In hence, systematic, methodical mental skills training courses are the indispensable key to a successful soccer training program.