以資源保存與復原力觀點探討青年待業者待業歷程之經驗

Abstract

本研究目的在於探究青年待業者進入待業歷程其資源和復原力流動的變化，聚焦在當青年進入待業歷程時，青年本身所具備之資源在待業歷程中產生何種變化，以了解環境脈動下的條件如何影響青年從待業至求職的經歷，以及復原力如何在個人、家庭和社會層面間被啟動，以協助青年產生動態適應之歷程。研究方式採「質性研究」，以「半結構式訪談」為資料搜集方法，5位受訪者為曾經待業年齡介於18至29歲之青年，以「紮根理論」為研究方法進行分析。經過開放編碼後，一共找到78個屬性，進而歸類出23個次類別；最後經過主軸編碼再從23個次類別歸屬出7個類別與4個主類別，四個主類別分別為:「緩衝階段」、「維持控制階段」、「自我轉化階段」與「資源平衡階段」，各階段有其對應的屬性與類別。研究結果再透過「資源保存」和「復原力」觀點共同探究「青年待業者之待業歷程」的過程與變化。研究發現：1. 青年待業者能以彈性方式因應不同階段的自我與環境限制因素；2. 以資源流動觀點看待該歷程，可得知青年待業者追求個人期待與社會現實平衡、雇主認同與自我滿意之平衡，以及個人資源實為待業歷程中最重要之資源；3. 以復原力觀點看待待業歷程，可得知待業歷程不僅是一個充滿復原力的歷程，且在待業歷程中，家庭層面的復原力為安全堡壘，個人和社會層面的復原力則互相影響。本研究探究青年待業者於待業歷程中隨各階段「資源保存」與「復原力」之變化，最終青年可獲得平衡與調適進入就業。研究最後並依據研究結果提出相關討論與建議。

The purpose of this study is to explore the changes of resources and resilience among young people who are unemployed when they enter the unemployment experience. The research is focusing on how the resources have changed in the unemployment experience, so the unemployed young adults could overcome the difficulties in their careers, and also how unemployed youth adults’ resilience is activated across personal, family and social facets during the period of unemployment, and make them have a dynamic adaptation.The research is based on the qualitative research, and conducted with semi-structural interview to collect the datum. Five participants are young people who have been unemployed and aged between 18 and 29 were invited in study. The “grounded theory” is used as the research method for analysis. After using open coding to observe and analyze data, 78 attributes were found, and then 23 sub-categories were classified. Furthermore, 7 categories and 4 main categories were classified from the 23 sub-categories through axial coding. Finally, the 4 main categories were: “Buffer stage,”“maintenance and control stage,” “self-transformation stage” and “resource balance stage,” and each stage has its own corresponding attributes and categories.The research explores the changing process of unemployed young adults’ unemployment experience from the perspectives of the conservation of resources and the resilience. The results of this study have found that: 1. Because of the different stages, the unemployed young adults have proved that they could respond to their own limitations and environmental limitations in a flexible way; 2. Look from the perspectives of conservation of resource, it shows the unemployed young adults pursue a balance between personal expectations and social reality, and also a balance between employer recognition and self-satisfaction during the unemployment period. Moreover, personal resources would be the most important resources in this experiencing process; 3. Look at the unemployment experience from the perspective of resilience, it shows this period of experience is full of resilience building as for the unemployed young adults. Besides, during the unemployment experience, the facet of family resilience is regard as a secure base, and both facets of personal and social resilience are interactive bring positive adaptation. With changes of resources and resilience of unemployed youth adults at various stages during the unemployed experience, so that eventually young adults could reach the balance and adjustment to enter employment. Finally, based on the research results, this study also proposes some practical discussions and suggestions.