家庭不利條件、希望感與兒童生活適應之復原力取向研究：中介與調節效果的探討

Abstract

本研究旨在以「復原力」的角度切入，探討高危機兒童的家庭不利條件及希望感與生活適應的關聯性。本研究的主要目的有五：1.了解身處家庭不利條件的兒童，其適應的情況為何；2.了解家庭不利條件、希望感、生活適應與行為困擾之間的關係；3.了解經歷較多家庭不利條件兒童的希望感，在客觀家庭不利條件與生活適應及行為困擾之間是否具有中介作用；4.了解經歷較多家庭不利條件兒童的希望感，在主觀家庭不利條件與生活適應及行為困擾間是否具有調節作用。研究者共邀臺灣北部與中部地區國小五六年級兒童進行問卷調查，共計回收有效問卷1,447份，再依研究目的篩選出身處家庭不利的高危機兒童共計487份問卷。研究結果發現，大多數高危機兒童的生活適應情形還不錯，平均分數高於中間值一些。家庭不利條件與高危機兒童生活適應間有顯著負相關；與高危機兒童行為困擾間有顯著正相關；與希望感有顯著負相關；而高危機兒童的希望感與生活適應間有顯著正相關。希望感是客觀家庭不利條件與生活適應間關係的完全中介變項；希望感也是客觀家庭不利條件與行為困擾間關係的部分中介變項。但希望感在主觀家庭不利條件和生活適應之間，以及在主觀家庭不利條件和行為困擾之間皆不具調節效果。詳細研究建議於文本中討論。

This research aims to discuss the correlation among disadvantageous family environment and hope to the adaption of the children from disadvantageous family environment. There are five purposes of the research: 1. How is the adaption of the children from disadvantageous family environment? 2. Try to understand the correlation in disadvantageous family environment, hope to children’s adjustment and behavior disturbance. 3. Try to understand whether hope is the mediator between objective disadvantageous family environment and children’s adjustment, and whether hope is the mediator between objective disadvantageous family environment and behavior disturbance.4. Try to understand whether hope is the moderator between subjective disadvantageous family environment and children’s adjustment, and whether hope is the moderator between subjective disadvantageous family environment and behavior disturbance. According to the research, most of the high-crisis children could adapt their life well, and the average grade was higher than the central value. There is negative correlation between disadvantageous family environment and children’s adjustment and there is positive correlation between disadvantageous family environment and children’s behavior disturbance. There is negative correlation between disadvantageous family environment and hope. In addition, there is positive correlation between hope and the adaption of the children from disadvantageous family environment; and there is negative correlation between hope and children’s behavior disturbance of the children from disadvantageous family environment. Hope is the full mediator between objective disadvantageous family environment and children’s adjustment, and hope is the partial mediator between objective disadvantageous family environment and behavior disturbance. But hope is neither the moderator between subjective disadvantageous family environment and children’s adjustment, nor the moderator between subjective disadvantageous family environment and behavior disturbance. According to these findings, some suggestions were provided for school administrative, teachers and future studies.