國中生自尊情緒智能與利社會行為之相關研究

Abstract

自尊與個體的發展和心理健康息息相關，個人對自己的感受與評價會影響其行為表現，而個體的行為表現又會影響其與周遭環境、他人互動的關係。本研究主要在探索國中生的自尊、利社會行為與情緒智能三者的現況與三者間的相關情形，並進一步探索自尊與情緒智能對國中生利社會行為的表現預測情況。 本研究以基隆市、台北縣/市、桃園縣與新竹縣的國中學生為研究對象，共1043份有效問卷，男生504人，女生539人。以問卷調查法來了解青少年在自尊、利社會行為與情緒智能上的得分情形。採用獨立樣本t考驗、單因子多變量變異數分析、Scheffe事後比較、獨立樣本單因子變異數分析、描述統計、皮爾森績差相關與多元逐步迴歸等統計方法針對研究假設進行考驗。Self-esteem is no doubt concerned with the development and mental health of a person. This study intended to explore the correlation with self-esteem, prosocial behavior and emotional intelligence among teenagers. A sample of 1,043 junior high students studying in Keelung, Taipei County, Taipei, Taoyuan, and Hsinchu responded to the following questionnaire: the Self-esteem Scale, the Prosocial Behavior Scale, and the Junior High Students’ Emotional Intelligence Scale. And the result are as followed, 1. Gender difference in self-esteem exists, such as ‘confidence’ and ‘morality’. Boys got better grades on ‘confidence’ than girls; meanwhile girls did better on ‘morality’. Gender difference also occurs in each part of prosocial behavior. Girls got higher grades on every part of prosocial behavior. Concerning to emotional intelligence, gender difference only exists in the part of ‘emotional cognition’ and ‘emotional expression’. Girls got better grades on these parts. 2. Age difference apparently exists in the 7th and the 8th grade, such as ‘observable behavior’, ‘family support’ , and ‘self-esteem’. 7th graders got higher grades on the above-mentioned parts. Besides, 7th graders also did better than 9th graders on ‘family support’. As to prosocial behavior, age difference exists in ‘prosocial behavior’, ‘help’, and ‘cooperation and share’ parts. Just like the results of self-esteem, 7th graders got higher grades than 8th graders on these parts. On the part of ‘help’, 7th graders did better than 9th ones. The outcome showed no age difference in emotional intelligence. 3. Self-esteem and emotional intelligence both can predict prosocial behavior. The higher grades one gets on self-esteem, the higher grades on prosocial behavior show. In addition, if one gets higher grades on emotional intelligence, s/he show more prosocial behavior.