中阿網路新聞的語言與文化研究

Abstract

本研究從台灣與阿拉伯電視台所發布的網路新聞中，選擇「金正日」、「賈伯斯」、「賓拉登」與「海珊」的死亡消息作為分析語料，並以Labov（1972）的敘事結構模式、Halliday（1985）的及物性理論、Fairclough（1995）的轉述話語分類為依據，同時採用曾元顯（1997）的關鍵詞擷取技術，分析中文與阿拉伯文於敘事結構、及物系統、轉述話語與詞彙關聯的差異，進而從語言與文化的角度切入，探討此差異與中阿文化的連結。研究結果發現，在敘事結構方面，除了「進展」外，中文使用「點題」、「指向」、「評議」、「結果或結局」與「收尾」的比例均高於阿拉伯文；其次，中文傾向敘述死亡之前的事件，阿拉伯文傾向敘述死亡之後的事件。在及物系統方面，除了「言語過程」外，中文使用「物質過程」、「心理過程」、「行為過程」、「存在過程」與「關係過程」的比例高於阿拉伯文；其次，中文敘述傾向以「人」為核心，阿拉伯文敘述傾向以「事」為核心。在轉述話語方面，兩者使用的轉述類型以「無標記語」最多，唯中文比例仍高於阿拉伯文；此外，中文使用「直接引語」居多，阿拉伯文使用「間接引語」居多。至於消息來源的分布，中文多集中於美國，阿拉伯文則分布於美國與其他地區。最後，在詞彙關聯方面，在「金正日」與「賈伯斯」新聞中，中文的關鍵詞多與死因有關，著重追溯人物生前的健康狀況，阿拉伯文則強調人物死後的影響；在「賓拉登」與「海珊」新聞中，中文的關鍵詞著重塑造美國的正義形象，阿拉伯文反是加強美國的負面形象，暗指其行為的不正當性。以上結果反映中阿文化特點有三：第一，中文的過去面向與阿拉伯文的未來面向；第二，中文的主體思維與阿拉伯文的客體思維；第三，中文的親美文化與阿拉伯文的反美文化。本研究最終並提出有關中文網路新聞閱讀教學之應用，作為日後華語文教學參考。In order to explore the differences between Chinese and Arabian cultures from a linguistic and cultural point of view, this research has chosen to analyze the online news from Taiwanese and Arabian news station websites, specifically on the demise of Kim Jong-il, Steve Jobs, Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein as linguistic data. The research analyzes the differences between Chinese and Arabic narrative structure, transitivity, discourse representation and word association using the key term extraction method from Tseng (1997), taking into consideration the narrative structure model from Labov (1972), Theory of Transitivity from Halliday (1985) and the way Fairclough (1995) categorized reporting speech. The results show that Chinese tends to describe the events before the death, while Arabic tends to describe the events after the death. Also, Chinese tends to centre around “people”, while Arabic tends to centre around “events”. Besides, the source of information for Chinese news mostly comes from USA, while for Arabic news, the sources are distributed across USA and other parts of the world. Furthermore, in news related to Osama bin Laden and Saddam Hussein, Chinese places emphasis on the positive images of USA, while Arabic hints at multiple incidences at the notion that the actions from USA were unjustified. The above findings support the following characteristics of Chinese and Arabic languages and cultures: Firstly, Chinese is past oriented while Arabic is future oriented; secondly, Chinese is subject-oriented thinking mode while Arabic is object-oriented thinking mode; lastly, Chinese is pro-American culture while Arabic is anti-American culture. According to these findings, this thesis provides a sample of news reading as a future reference for teaching and learning of Chinese.