應用健康信念模式預測青少年搭機車戴安全帽之行為意向與行為

Abstract

增加青少年搭機車戴安全帽的比率是減少他們搭機車時發生頭部傷害最有效的方 法。雖然立法可以使此比率立即提高，但是從行為改變的長遠觀點來看最佳的策略應該是從 影響他們搭機車戴安全帽的社會心理因素著手。因此，從青少年社會心理因素來探討他們搭 機車戴安全帽之行為意向與行為的影響因素，就成為本研究之主要目的。 本研究是根據修改後之健康信念模式，採用兩個時段之前瞻性研究法，以臺灣地區八十五學 年度全體高中學生為研究母群， 以多階段分層群集隨機抽樣法抽出預計的人數為 1,597 人 ，並於第一時段接受信、效度俱佳的七個重要成份量表之施測，隨後於第二時段再測量行動 線索與實際行為表現，最後選擇階層式複迴歸分析與結構方程模式，以探討此行為之影響因 素與其途徑。 結果發現在修改後之健康信念模式中自我效能、過去戴安全帽的行為、安全價值與障礙性認 知這四個變項是直接影響青少年搭機車戴安全帽之行為意向的主要因子。再者，在不考慮過 去行為的影響下，行為意向、自我效能與自己曾發生過機車事故這三個變項是預測青少年搭 機車戴安全帽之行為的重要因素。然而，當同時考慮過去行為時，過去行為這變項就取代了 所有重要變項之影響力，成為未來行為唯一的預測因子。

The best way to reduce the number of head injury among adolescent motorcycle passengers is to increase the rate of the helmet use. Although laws can enforce the adolescent to wear helmet, from the viewpoint of behavior modification, it is very important to understand the effects of psychosocial factors on the behavioral intention and behavior in helmet use among adolescent motorcycle passengers. The is the major purpose of this study. Under the two-wave prospective study based upon an extension of health belief model, 1,597 students were randomly sampled from all senior high school students of the 1996-1997 academic year in Taiwan via a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method with pps, accepted seven scales with better reliability and validity in the first wave, and later measured the cues to action and practical action in the second wave. The data were analyzed via hierarchical regression analysis and structural equation model. It is found that self-efficacy, past behavior, safety value, and perceived barrier are the four major factors that influence the helmet use among adolescent motorcycle passenger. Again, before considering the past behavior, behavioral intention, self-efficacy, and the first cue to action are the three most important variables that influence the helmet use among adolescent motorcycle passengers. However, while considering the past behavior simultaneously, the past behavior is the only and most influential variable upon the helmet use among adolescent motorcycle passengers.