發展遲緩兒童早期療育中家長參與及家庭生活品質之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討發展遲緩兒童早期療育中家長參與及家庭生活品質之現況，進而探討家長參與及家庭生活品質之關聯性。本研究採用「家長參與量表」及「家庭生活品質量表FQoL-21」為研究工具，透過問卷調查法針對臺北市及新北市發展遲緩兒童早期療育中的家長作為研究對象，經由立意抽樣輔以滾雪球抽樣方式，獲得414位早期療育中家長為有效樣本。將問卷所收集的資料以 SPSS 23.0 統計軟體為分析工具，採用敘述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關及多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析，研究結果發現：一、發展遲緩兒童早期療育中家長參與為中高等程度，以「家庭指導與學習」參與程度最高。二、發展遲緩兒童早期療育中家庭生活品質屬中高等程度，以知覺「生活需求」滿意程度最高。三、發展遲緩兒童早期療育中家長的參與，因家長性別、家長教育程度、家庭型態、家中子女數、子女接受早療服務時間及早療子女障礙程度而有所差異，但不因家長年齡、家庭收入、早療子女性別而出現差異。四、發展遲緩兒童早期療育中家庭生活品質，因家長年齡、家庭收入及子女接受早療服務時間而有所差異，但不因家長性別、家長教育程度、家庭型態、家中子女數、早療子女性別及子女障礙程度而出現差異。五、發展遲緩兒童早期療育中家長參與和家庭生活品質具部分顯著相關。六、發展遲緩兒童早期療育中家長參與「家庭指導與學習」構面對家庭生活品質各構面及整體具有預測力。最後依據本研究之結論，分別就政府單位、早期療育相關單位、發展遲緩兒童家長及未來研究者提出建議供之參考。The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between parental involvement and family quality of life in early intervention for children with developmental delays and to explore the correlation between parental involvement and family quality of life. Both the “Parental Involvement Scale” and “Family Quality of Life Scale (FQoL Scale-21)” are used as research tools. A questionnaire survey method was used to target parents of children receiving early intervention for developmental delays in Taipei City and New Taipei City. A total of 414 parents were surveyed as valid samples through purposive sampling and snowball sampling.The data collected from the questionnaire was analyzed by using SPSS 23.0 statistical software, employing descriptive statistics, independent samples t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson product-moment correlation, and Stepwise multiple regression analysis. The results of the study showed that:1.Parental involvement in early intervention for children with developmental delays is at a moderate to high level, with the highest level of involvement being in “family guidance and learning.”2.The family quality of life in early intervention for children with developmental delays is at a moderate to high level, with the highest satisfaction being in the perceived level of satisfaction in meeting “Physical/Material Well-Being.”3.Parental involvement in early intervention for children with developmental delays varies based on the gender of the parent, the level of education, family structure, the number of children in the household, the amount of time the child receives early intervention services and the severity of the child's disability. However, there is no significant difference in parental involvement based on the age of the parent, family income or the gender of the child receiving early intervention services. 4.In terms of the family quality of life in early intervention for children with developmental delays, there were differences observed based on the parent’s age, family income and the time the child received early intervention services. However, there were no differences based on the parent’s gender, education level, family structure, number of children in the family, the gender of the child receiving early intervention services or the severity of the child's disability. 5.In early intervention for children with developmental delays, there is a partial correlation between parental participation and family quality of life. 6.In early intervention for children with developmental delays, parental involvement in the "family guidance and learning" aspect has predictive power for various dimensions and overall family quality of life. Based on the conclusions of this study, the following recommendations are provided for government agencies, early intervention related units, parents of children with developmental delays and future researchers.