國小學童父母親依附關係、利社會行為與友誼品質之關係研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討國小學童的父母親依附關係、利社會行為與友誼品質的關係，主要目的有五項：（一）根據中外文獻，編製適合國小兒童的「友誼品質量表」，以作為本研究及未來研究者使用。（二）了解不同性別的國小兒童在友誼品質、父母親依附關係、利社會行為的差異情形。（三）了解不同年級的國小兒童在友誼品質、父母親依附關係、利社會行為的發展情形。（四）探討國小兒童在父母親依附關係、利社會行為、友誼品質三者之間的相關情形。 本研究採用「問卷調查法」，以1380名分佈於台北縣、台北市等地區的國小四、五、六年級學生為研究對象，並使用「國小學童友誼品質量表」、「父母親依附關係量表」、「日常利社會自陳量表」等調查工具。所得資料以驗證性因素分析、單因子多變量變異數分析、典型相關等統計方法來進行資料處理。綜合整個研究結果，本研究的主要發現如下： 一、 以性別而言，男女生達顯著差異。女生的友誼品質、父母親依附關係及利社會行為均優於男生。 二、 以年級別而言，年級達顯著差異。五、六年級學童的友誼品質、父母親依附關係及利社會行為均優於四年級。 三、 父母親依附關係與友誼品質之間有典型相關存在。兒童與父母「正向互動」越高，則兒童友誼品質的「支持關係」也愈佳。 四、 利社會行為與友誼品質之間有典型相關存在。「利社會行為」越高，則其友誼品質的「正向互動」也越佳。 五、 父母親依附關係與利社會行為有典型相關存在。兒童與父母「正向互動」越高，則兒童「利社會行為」也愈佳。

最後，研究者依據本研究結果進行討論、歸納結論，並提出具體建議，以作為教師、父母以及輔導者的參考。The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationships between friendship qualities, parent attachment style, and prosocial behavior. There are five purposes included in the research :（1） to edit a scale which is applicable to evaluate the friendship qualities for future research.（2） to find out the differences of friendship qualities , parent attachment style , and prosocial behavior in different genders.（3）to investigate the development of friendship qualities, parent attachment style ,and prosocial behavior from 4th to 6th grade students.（4）to understand the correlation among friendship qualities, parent attachment style, and prosocial behavior. Adapted questionnaire research method, the samples consisted of 1380 students who are studying in Taipei County and Taipei City ,and the ”Friendship Qualities Scale ”, “Inventory of Parent Attachment Style ”and the “Scale of Prosocial Behavior” will be utilized as researching tools. Gathered data will be processed statistically with “confirmatory factor analysis”, “one-way MANOVA”, and ” canonical correlation analysis”. The main findings were as follow: 1. With regard to different gender students, there were significant differences between boys and girls. Girls are superior to boys on friendship qualities、attachment style and prosocial behavior. 2. In light of grades, there were significant differences among 4th to 6th grade students. 5th and 6th grades are superior to 4th grade students on friendship qualities、attachment style and prosocial behavior. 3. Parent attachment style was significantly correlated to friendship qualities. The more positive interaction in parents and children, the more supportive relations in friendship qualities. 4. Prosocial behavior was significantly correlated to friendship qualities. The more prosocial behavior, the more positive interaction of friendship qualities. 5. Parent attachment style was significantly correlated to prosocial behavior. The more positive interaction in parents and children, the more prosocial behavior.

In the end, the researcher uses the finding of this thesis to make practicable suggestions for teachers, parents, as well as counseling workers.