拼貼手法應用在敘事性插畫之創作研究

Abstract

本研究以拼貼手法應用在敘事性插畫為主旨，藉由文獻分析探討拼貼的起源以及拼貼於各藝術流派的發展特色，並分析敘事學與圖像敘事之表現；內容分析法之案例樣本取自2004年至2023年間，入選Communication Arts美國傳達藝術年度獎的319件使用拼貼手法之插畫類作品，經由案例群集分析後，最終彙整了9種拼貼手法表現，分別為「分割」、「挖空」、「拼湊」、「添加」、「拼組」、「融接」、「堆疊」、「填入」、「組合」；以及透過文獻探討內容將圖像敘事步驟分為「確立故事主題」、「角色設計」、「時間和空間」、「行動和事件」、「符號和象徵」與「觀者互動」等 ；並從案例中得出6種的圖像敘事結構，使單一畫面中產生空間流動的視覺引導，分別為「上至下引導」、「前後景引導」、「大至小引導」、「造型動線引導」、「主體集中引導」、「主體延伸引導」；透過歸結出拼貼應用在敘事性插畫之要點，運用至創作表現之中。本研究之創作試驗之敘事內容依據《地球編年史》系列著作為故事主體加以彙整，創作一系列以“Genesis Collage – Myth and the Origins of Humanity”為名，共計15張作品，紀錄創作過程與說明，以及使用的拼貼手法與圖像敘事結構，並製作表格檢視最終的創作成果。獲得結論為：一、豐富的視覺效果與敘事性是拼貼手法作品的主要表現特徵；二、藉由文獻探討與樣本的歸納分析共彙整出9種拼貼手法，拼組手法為最常用之手法；三、經由案例分析的6種圖像敘事結構，以上至下引導與造型動線引導應用次數最多；四、透過拼貼素材的色彩、紋理與象徵性圖像選擇，可提升畫面的敘事表現力；五、經由圖像敘事結構的視覺引導，使拼貼組合呈現更多元的敘事效果；六、拼貼元素的多層次表達，呈現超現實的敘事風格，更能吸引觀者的注目以及共鳴。最後，本研究提出了相關建議，以促進拼貼手法在敘事性插畫創作中的應用與發展，盼對後續研究能有所啟發。This research focuses on the application of collage techniques in narrative illustrations. By reviewing the literature, it explores the origins of collage and its development and characteristics in various art movements. It also analyzes the expressions of narratology and visual narrative. The content analysis samples were selected from 319 illustration works using collage techniques, which won the Communication Arts Annual Award in the United States from 2004 to 2023. Through case cluster analysis, nine collage techniques were identified:"segmentation," "hollowing," "patching," "adding," "assembling," "melding," "stacking," "filling," and "combining." Additionally, the study divided the steps of visual narrative into "establishing the story theme," "character design," "time and space," "actions and events," "symbols and symbols," and "viewer interaction." From the cases, six types of visual narrative structures were derived to create spatially flowing visual guidance in a single frame: "top-to-bottom guidance," "foreground-background guidance," "large-to-small guidance," "shape movement guidance," "subject-focused guidance," and "subject-extension guidance." By summarizing the key points of collage application in narrative illustrations, these were applied to creative expressions. The creative experiment in this research uses the narrative content of the "The Earth Chronicles" series as the main story, creating a series named “Genesis Collage – Myth and the Origins of Humanity” with a total of 15 works. The process ofcreation, the collage techniques used, and the visual narrative structures are documented and explained, and a table is created to review the final creative results. The conclusions are as follows: (1) Rich visual effects and narrative qualities are the main characteristics of collage techniques. (2) Nine collage techniques were summarized through literature review and sample analysis, with assembling being the most frequently used technique. (3) Among the six types of visual narrative structures, top-to-bottom guidance and shape movement guidance were the most used in this study. (4) The selection of color, texture, and symbolic imagery in collage materials can enhance the narrative expressiveness of the picture. (5) Through the visual guidance of image narrative structures, collage combinations can present more diverse narrative effects. (6) The multi-layered expression of collage elements presents a surreal narrative style, which can attract more attention and resonance from the audience.