愛德華・葛利格作品六十七《山中少女》分析與音樂詮釋

Abstract

本論文以「挪威民族樂派之父」葛利格(Edvard Grieg, 1843-1907)的聯篇歌曲《山中少女》(Haugtussa, Op. 67)為主軸，透過歷史介紹挪威獨立運動引發的各層面文化改革。十八世紀起，歐洲各國響應民族主義，挪威人為脫離丹麥長期統治造成的各層面影響，開始一連串的文化復興運動。其中，書寫文字的變革與傳統音樂復興，直接影響藝文界發展，而音樂家與詩人透過自己的專長發揚祖國文化。 受到同僚啟發的葛利格，立定志向透過音樂將挪威之美傳送到世界各地。葛利格一生運用多種語言（德文、挪威語和丹麥語等）譜寫超過一百八十首歌曲，而《山中少女》詩詞選自十九世紀作家甘伯格(Arne Garborg, 1851-1924)的同名詩集，使用以挪威本地方言集結而成的「國族文字」(Landsmål) ，是挪威藝術歌曲最重要的代表作之一。本論文提供完整《山中少女》劇情介紹和歌詞中譯，使讀者理解歌曲之間的前後關聯，另外，也統整發音學習網站與書目，使演唱者有更多學習機會。 雖然礙於語言隔閡無法廣為流傳，《山中少女》蘊含豐富的挪威傳統素材，是葛利格音樂創作手法的最佳典範。筆者透過文獻、樂曲分析、演唱詮釋進行研究探討，融合挪威民謠復興運動與葛利格作曲特色，期待更多人藉此認識挪威藝術歌曲。This thesis serves as an introduction to Haugtussa, Op. 67, Edvard Grieg’s only song cycle. Grieg’s work is placed within its historical context of the Norwegian independence movement and ensuing cultural developments: this was a time when artists sought to forge a distinct Norwegian identity, both through the written language and the revival of traditional musical forms. Borne out of this cultural milieu, Grieg sought to lend new urgency to his own cultural roots through his musical compositions. Written by the poet Arne Garborg, a champion of Landsmål (literally, “language of the land”), Haugtussa is considered to be a classic work of Norwegian Neo-romanticism. Grieg chose eight poems out of the entire epic cycle to set to music. This thesis will give an analysis of the work through a survey of previous literature, structural analysis, and interpretational comments, with the aim of introducing Grieg’s art songs and the wider Norwegian folk song movement to a greater audience.