舒伯特「未完成現象」的研究－以鋼琴奏鳴曲為例

Abstract

舒伯特一生中共創作了23首鋼琴奏鳴曲，但在這23首當中，僅有11首是完整的，其他12首都被歸類在未完成作品之中，其中最著名的就是《遺作奏鳴曲》（D840）。在12首鋼琴奏鳴曲中，有的是缺乏末樂章，有的是寫到一半停止創作，有多首是樂章之間的關係不確定，而在12首中，又有兩首僅僅是數十小節的片段，無法單獨成曲，由於以上這些原因，也同時衍伸出舒伯特鋼琴奏鳴曲總數量的問題。雖然這些鋼琴奏鳴曲被歸類在未完成作品中，但並不表示他們沒有研究價值，相反的，他們是成就舒伯特後期創作的基石。 本論文將分為五個章節進行探討。第一章介紹舒伯特生平與簡述鋼琴奏鳴曲創作，第二至四章節，將依照創作早、中、晚期，依序介紹12首未完成鋼琴奏鳴曲，第五章則是對這些作品進行樂曲分析，並將這些作品與1828年的最後三首鋼琴奏鳴曲（D958、D959、D960）進行比較分析。Schubert created 23 piano sonatas throughout his life. However, only 11 of them were completed. Of the 12 incomplete works, “Reliquie” (D840) is the most famous one. Among the 12 unfinished piano sonatas, some lack the final movement; some are only half complete; many have uncertain relationship between the movements. In addition, two of them are just segments of dozens of measures. The incompleteness of the works raises discussions about the exact number of Schubert’s works. Although these piano sonatas are fragmentary, they still have research value and they are the cornerstones of Schubert’s later works. This study consists of five chapters. The first chapter introduces Schubert's life and briefly describes his compositions. The second to fourth chapters introduce the 12 unfinished piano sonatas based on his early, middle and late stages of composition. The fifth chapter is the music analysis of these works, and the works are compared with the last three piano sonatas (D958, D959, D960) that Schubert composed in 1828.