協同式培養對國中生學習成就影響之研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討協同式培養是否能解釋國中生學業成就表現的差異。過去研究顯示家庭中的經濟、文化與社會資本對學生學業成就存在直接或間接的影響，美國社會學者Annette Lareau（2003）融合三種資本的觀點提出協同式培養（concerted cultivation）理論，強調美國中產階級家長透過課外活動的安排、教育組織的干預，以及說理協商的親子互動，讓子女在教育機構中獲得合適的資源，在教育過程中習得積極的態度、理性的思考、權益的爭取、成就的自信與面對權威的優越感，進而取得遠較勞工階層與貧窮家庭子女為高的教育成就。為瞭解協同式培養在台灣脈絡中的情形，本研究運用二階層驗證性因素分析（HCFA）、多變量變異數分析（MANOVA）與結構方程模式（SEM），討論協同式培養的現象，及其中介解釋社經地位影響學業成就的效果。研究資料取自台灣教育長期追蹤資料庫（TEPS）第一波與第二波的數據，研究結果發現：一、台灣脈絡存在協同式培養概念，但各因素構成與比重異於美國。二、協同式培養行為在不同家庭社經地位中有顯著差異。三、協同式培養對學習成就有正向影響。最後，依據研究結果對家長培養子女、學校教師、教育行政單位以及未來相關研究提出建議。

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the concerted cultivation explain the difference in junior high school student’s scholastic achievement. Previous studies indicated that the family’s economic capital, cultural capital, and social capital effect scholastic achievement directly and indirectly. Annette Lareau (2003) integrate three capital theories and advocate the concept of “concerted cultivation”. Concerted cultivation is a parenting strategy emphasize that the middle class parents in the U.S. make their children gain advantage by activities arranging, language using, and intervention in institutions. To understand the situation of concerted cultivation in Taiwan, this study utilizes Hierarchical Confirmatory Factor Analysis (HCFA), Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA), and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyze the data from Taiwan Educational Panel Survey (TEPS).According to the statistic result, the conclusions are as following: First, the concept of concerted cultivation correspond with Taiwan educational context, but its composition and proportion in Taiwan is different to which in the U.S.. Second, it shows significant socioeconomic-status difference in concerted cultivation of parents. Third, concerted cultivation has the positive impact on scholastic achievement, while the coefficients of factors have huge difference. Finally, base on the conclusions, suggestions for parents, teachers, educational authorities, and further studies are provided.