腦性麻痺學童之電腦按鍵動作評估與成效探討

Abstract

鍵盤是最常被使用的電腦輸入工具，當使用鍵盤操作電腦有困難時，就需要應用其他的輸入工具加以協助；對於肢體障礙者而言，鍵盤的輸入動作各有不同的困難型別；而為了診斷其按鍵輸入動作之問題所在，以提供有效的介入策略，亟需要發展一套容易操作且高度精準的電腦按鍵動作評估系統；使得個案的電腦老師或其家屬能為其完成初步評估。本研究目的是製作一個實體鍵盤的評估系統，以評估腦性麻痺學童之按鍵動作。系統的設計分為硬體介面和軟體程式兩部分；其中硬體介面主要是負責收集腦性麻痺學童的鍵盤輸入動作，而軟體程式則是負責分析硬體所收集到的資料，以便治療師或施測者為該學童的鍵盤動作，做出評估報告與改善建議。本研究分三階段進行，分別是1.先依據文獻、專家建議及個案在操作過程所呈現的資料，將腦性麻痺學童常見的鍵盤動作之不同困難程度，區分為「正常型」、「重複按鍵型」、「誤觸按鍵型」、「方位困難型」及「混合型」等五種操作類型，並將個案的鍵盤動作困難情況，經本系統之收集分析後加以界定其所屬類型。2.使用單一受試者實驗研究法，依個案鍵盤動作類型之不同而做出個別化介入策略之建議，包括「視窗作業系統之鍵盤參數調整」、「實體鍵盤之操作方位調整」及「肢體協助工具之輔助」。3.在給予介入措施後觀察其改善成效。唯經介入後仍無法順利使用實體鍵盤的個案，則是建議改採螢幕鍵盤輸入或轉介治療師做進一步評估。

The keyboard is the most commonly used input method for interfacing with computers. When using a keyboard is not possible, alternative computer input methods are needed. The purpose of this study is to develop an evaluation system for traditional keyboard operation (ESTKO) for the schoolkids with cerebral palsy. The design of ESTKO is divided into two parts, including the hardware interface which collect data for subject’s keyboard operations and the software programs which analysis those data. A occupational therapist or a examinant can make evaluation and suggestion reports for the subject then. This study contains three stages, which are 1. taking the subject’s keyboard operation types into 5 categories such as “normal”, ”repetition”, ”error”, “direction” and “mixed” types and then identifying which type each subject is belonged to, 2.with single subject experiment research method, giving each subject one of the four recommendation including “parameter adjustments for Windows assistive tools ”, “keyboard directions setting” , “body assistive tools ”, “alternative keyboards ”, and 3. evaluating the effects of keyboard operations for each subject with intervention respectively. For those who cannot smoothly use keyboard with interventions, a screen keyboard is recommended or an occupational therapist is introduced to make further evaluations.