臺北市高中生生涯自我概念、生涯自我效能與生涯決定困難之研究

Abstract

本研究目的在探討不同背景變項之高中生在生涯自我概念、生涯自我效能與生涯決定困難間的差異與關係。研究過程採用分層隨機抽樣方法，共抽取臺北縣市12所國立、市立、縣立普通高中及完全中學高中部高一、高二、高三男女學生，有效樣本共1033人。研究工具包括「生涯自我概念量表」、「生涯決策自我效能預期量表」及「生涯決定困難量表」。所得資料以描述統計、單因子多變項變異數分析、典型相關分析與多元逐步迴歸分析等統計方法進行處理。研究結果如下： 一、高中生整體生涯自我概念，因性別、年級、就讀類組、決定狀態等背景變項不同而有顯著差異存在，但不因家庭社經地位等變項不同而有顯著差異存在。 二、高中生整體生涯自我效能，因性別、年級、就讀類組、決定狀態等背景變項不同而有顯著差異存在，但不因家庭社經地位變項不同而有顯著差異存在。 三、高中生整體生涯決定困難，因性別、年級、就讀類組、決定狀態等背景變項不同而有顯著差異，但不因家庭社經地位等變項不同而有顯著差異。 四、生涯自我概念與生涯自我效能間有三組典型相關因素存在，且達顯著意義。 五、生涯自我概念與生涯決定困難間有四組典型相關因素存在，且達顯著意義。 六、生涯自我效能與生涯決定困難間有六組典型相關因素存在，且達顯著意義。 七、生涯自我概念與生涯自我效能對整體生涯決定困難有顯著預測力，其中以職業自我評量層面對整體生涯決定困難之預測力最高。 最後，研究者依據本研究結果加以討論，並提出具體建議以做為高中生生涯輔導工作及未來研究之參考。

The purpose of the study was to explore the differences and relations among career self-concept, career self-efficacy, and career decision-making difficulties of high-school students in terms of their different backgrounds. We also examined the predictability of career self-concept and career self-efficacy to career decision-making difficulties for high-school students.

Participants were 1033 high-school students (482 males and 551 females) from twelve high schools in Taipei. The instruments included Career Self-concept Scale, Career Self-efficacy Scale, and Career Decision-making Difficulties Scale. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way MANOVA, canonical correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows:

1.The career self-concepts of high-school students varied significantly in terms of gender, grade, major subjects, and state of decision-making, but not the family social economic status. 2.The career self-efficacies of high-school students varied significantly in terms of gender, grade, major subjects, and state of decision-making, but not the family social economic status. 3.The career decision-making difficulties of high-school students varied significantly in terms of gender, grade, major subjects, and state of decision-making, but not the family social economic status. 4.The canonical correlation between career self-concept and career self-efficacy was significant. 5.The canonical correlation between career self-concept and career decision-making difficulties was significance. 6.The canonical correlation between career self-efficacy and career decision-making difficulties, was significance. 7.The predictabilities of career self-concept and self-efficacy on career decision-making difficulties were significant. Among which the occupation of career self-efficacy is the most predictable.

Based on the results, suggestions for career guidance and future researches were discussed and proposed.