個人宗教信仰在諮商工作中的呈現與實踐：以佛教背景諮商心理師為例

Abstract

本研究主要在探索諮商心理師在諮商工作中的佛法經驗及意義。研究以滾雪球的方式邀請五位佛教背景心理師擔任研究參與者，採用深入訪談的方式瞭解研究參與者在專業工作中的佛教經驗與現象，以研究參與者的訪談內容為文本進行資料分析，資料分析的步驟以詮釋現象學取向的方法進行。 研究結果有下以幾點發現。首先，諮商專業與佛法背景兩者的關係處於浮動狀態，臨床工作平順時佛法沒入背景，專業無法解決的困難情境中參與者轉向佛法，佛法經驗及概念成為參與者的參考架構，推動專業工作的進行。其次，在諮商工作中參與者遭逢死亡議題、無解情境所引發的無助狀態時，容易陷落困境。第三，佛教經驗對專業工作的影響發生在態度層面，這些影響包括更能涵容與抱持、更能深層同理、更能覺察及更有彈性。再者，佛教經驗對研究參與者的影響發生在許多層面無法分割。第五，佛教經驗帶來視域的轉變，觀看個案的眼光從「你們」轉化成「我們」，個案不再單純是個案，眼前的個案同時有緣人、讓自己學習的人、跟自己有因緣的人。 依據本研究的研究發現，提出三點研究結論。首先，佛教經驗為在困境中的心理師帶來力量。第二，心理師的佛教經驗擴大了面對個案的抱持、涵容、彈性與覺察。最後，佛教經驗轉化了看待個案的眼光。此外，研究者說明本研究的限制，依據研究發現與結論，提出對心理師養成教育及未來研究方向的建議。The purpose of this research is to examine the effects of the personal religious beliefs of the counseling psychologists on their practice. Five counseling psychologists with Buddhist backgrounds were recruited using a snowball method to participate in the study. An in-depth and open-structured interview was conducted. Participants were asked about their Buddhist experience and how this experience affected their counseling session with the clients. Information from the interview was transcribed using Hermeneutical Phenomenology analytic methods. Results showed that : 1)The Buddhist background served as a framework for Psychotherapy, particular, when the case was complicated and difficult. 2) There was an interesting relationship between the psychologist’s professional knowledge and his Buddhist background when applying to practice. In regular cases, the psychologist’s professional knowledge was adequate to help the client. However, in some tough cases, where applying their professional knowledge was insufficient, psychologists tended to use their Buddhist backgrounds to help the clients during the counseling session, in particular, when dealing with the “grieving issue”. 3) The psychologist’s disposition was influenced by his Buddhist background. The psychologists who had Buddhist backgrounds were more passionate, empathetic, and sensitive to client’s needs. They also looked at the situations from others’ perspectives rather than their own. In conclusion, this research suggested that the psychologists found it helpful to have a knowledge of Buddhism. It better helped the clients during the counseling session. The psychologists also maintained positive disposition towards their work and were able to see the situation from other perspectives. The limitation of the study was addressed and further studies in this area were suggested.