泰國的第三語言政策與社會經濟階層 —以私人學校六年級學生的華語學習為例

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2024

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泰國和中國的歷史悠久,而且近期中國也正在通過HANBAN(教育部中外語言交流合作中心)推廣中國的語言和文化到全世界。因此,中文如今就變成許多國家需要學習的語言之一,包括泰國。在2014年,泰國的教育部推動「中文教學改革政策」,導致中文課變成國小4年級以上的必修課,使泰國國小生不得不同時學習三種語言,泰文、英文和中文。許多針對泰國學生學習中文的研究都指出泰國學生對學習中文之問題的各方面,也建議出許多解決這些問題的教學方案。但是針對可能是泰國學生學習中文之問題的原因如社會經濟階層因素的研究還是非常少。爲了探討泰國2014年「中文教學改革政策」對泰國國小生的影響和瞭解可能導致泰國國小生學習中文的問題之原因,本研究使用多元收集資料之方法,以兩所不同社會經濟階層的學校之國小六年級的學生、家長與中文教師爲研究對象。研究發現, 社會經濟階層跟研究對象學習中文的能力與對中文的態度有關。社會經濟階層高組不僅比社會經濟階層低組高有更高的中文能力,而且也更意識到中文的重要性和接受中文為國小生的必修課。至於在2014年「中文教學改革政策」下所受到的困難,社會經濟階層高組所受到的困難都是短期的問題,例如上課前擔心會聽不懂教師的話、考試前擔心會不及格等。但是社會經濟階層低組所受到的困難會存在得更長期,例如因爲家長不會中文,所以只能在課堂内學習中文、功課根本就多,但目前還要找時間自己復習中文等。學校和課室的方面,社會經濟階層高組的教學設備因爲比社會經濟階層低組更多元,所以在上學時之表現就會更輕鬆和開心。因爲除了學習課本上的内容之外,還可以通過網絡電視看文化視頻、玩游戲等活動。但是社會經濟階層低組只有白板和課本,所以許多活動就沒辦法做到。
This study investigated the impact of the 2014 “Chinese Language Teaching Reform Policy” in Thailand, which made Chinese language courses mandatory for primary school students from the 4th grade. The study also explored the factors related to the socio-economic background that may affect Thai students’ learning of the Chinese language. The researchers employed a diverse data collection approach and focused on sixth-grade students, parents, and Chinese language teachers from primary schools in two different socio-economic strata. The main finding of this study was that socio-economic background is related to the research subjects’ Chinese language learning abilities and their attitudes toward Chinese. The high socio-economic group exhibited higher Chinese language proficiency and had greater awareness and acceptance of Chinese as a mandatory subject than the low socio-economic group. The study also revealed the difficulties faced by the two groups under the 2014 policy reform. The high socio-economic group experienced short-term challenges such as comprehension and assessment issues, while the low socio-economic group faced longer-term difficulties such as lack of parental support and learning resources.The study concluded that the 2014 policy reform had a significant impact on the Chinese language education of Thai primary school students and that socio-economic background played a crucial role in shaping their learning outcomes and experiences.

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社會經濟階層, 中文教學, 2014中文教學改革政策, 泰國中文教學, 泰國國小生, Socioeconomic status, Chinese language education, Thai primary school students, 2014 policy reform, Chinese language education in Thailand

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