基於模擬的開放式硬體課程設計

Abstract

本研究運用模擬軟體減輕學生使用開放式硬體的認知負荷，使學生能夠更專注於問題解決及運算思維的學習。本研究使用Arduino開放式硬體搭配mBlock發展模擬軟體，研究目的在探究基於模擬的開放式硬體課程對學生運算思維及程式設計學習成效的影響。研究採準實驗研究法，參與者為台北市國中八年級一班學生共45人，單號學生為實驗組（23人），在開放式硬體課程中加入模擬軟體輔助學習；雙號學生為控制組（22人），在學習過程中不使用模擬軟體。實驗教學實施共五週，五個小時，資料蒐集與分析包括：成就測驗、國際運算思維能力測驗、自編態度問卷及課堂錄影。 研究結果發現，開放式硬體搭配模擬軟體的學習活動：（1）有助於培養學生演算法設計；（2）對學生學習程式設計之成就無顯著影響；（3）有助於學生運算思維的培養；（4）對學生學習程式設計態度無顯著影響。學生多對本研究學習活動持正向態度，惟部分學生表達需要更多時間來完成學習活動。未來研究可加長教學實驗之時間，發展更多類似之模擬軟體，並選擇更適當的評量工具。This study developed task-specific software to emulate the behaviors of an open-hardware. Students could test-run their programs on the emulation software before transmit it into the hardware. The Quasi-experimental design was implemented and the participants were a class of 8th graders in a class with a total of 45 students. Among them, 23 students served as the experiment group using emulation in programming, whereas the other 22 students served as the control group without using emulation. The experiment lasted for five weeks with a total of 5 hours. Data collected for analysis including students’ achievement test, International Bebras Contest, attitude questionnaire, and class observation record. The findings show that the emulation-based open-hardware activities: (1) significantly improved students’ performance in problem decomposition, (2) had no effects on students’ performance in programming and their attitudes toward the learning activities, and (3) benefited students’ computational thinking. Future studies should extend the length of experiment time and design proper computational thinking evaluation tools.