排球不同型態發球對兩種等級接發球動作之運動學分析

Abstract

本研究主要目的在探討兩種不同型態排球發球方式(漂浮發球、跳躍發球)對接發球員接發球動作運動學參數影響。受試對象以甲組特優級第一名球隊臺灣師範大學男子、女子排球代表隊自由球員各三名，以及乙組男子、女子排球校隊自由球員各三名。實驗儀器以兩部Fastec Inline高速攝影機(250Hz)同步擷取排球選手執行兩種不同型態發球方式之接發球動作運動學參數。運動學參數透過高速攝影機拍攝，影片以Kwon 3D動作分析軟體進行二度空間直接線性轉換(2D-DLT)，得到發球球速、接球後球速、發球角度、接球後角度、發球擊到球到接到球之時間、接球前(中)上肢角度、接球前(中)下肢角度變化等參數。在運動學與動力學參數比較方面， 將得到參數資料以SPSS 13.0版統計軟體進行統計分析，以雙因子變異數分析來檢定不同組別接受兩種不同型態接發球之差異顯著性，統計水準定為α＝.05；此外在不同受試者間，依瞬間速度、時間、角度的個別差異採用描述性統計。 經研究結果統計如下: 一、兩種不同型態發球速度與角度皆達顯著差異(p<.05)，回球速度與角度皆未達顯著差異。 二、兩種不同型態發球之接球重心合速度達顯著差異(p<.05)。 三、女甲乙組接球前上肢角度未達顯著差異，接球中手腕、手臂角度達顯著差異 (p<.05)，而接球前與接球中下肢角度皆未達顯著差異。 四、男生甲乙組接球前手腕、手臂角度皆達顯著差異(p<.05)，接球中手臂角度達 顯著差異(p<.05)，而接球前與接球中下肢角度皆未達顯著差異。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinematics on receiving players of two serving styles (overhead floating serve and jump spike serve). Twelve libero players played in Chinese Taipei University Volleyball League divisionⅠandⅡ( 6 players from divisionⅠand 6 players fromⅡ; 3 male and 3 female players represented each division) participated in this study. The video of serving was recorded by two synchronized Fastec Inline high-speed cameras (250Hz). Kwon 3D motion analysis system was used to analyze 2D kinematics data (2D-DLT) including serving ball speed, ball speed after receiving, serving angle, the angle between ball and both wrists after receiving, the duration of hitting the ball while serving to receiving, the angles between upper extremities before receiving and at receiving the ball, the angles between lower extremities before receiving and at receiving the ball. Two-way ANOVA was used to analyze the kinematics and kinetics data by SPSS 13.0. Significant level was set at α＝.05. Furthermore, descriptive statistics was used to descried individual differences within subjects according to instant speed, duration, and angle. Results: 1. There are significant differences between serving speeds and angles on different serving styles. (p<.05) 2. There are significant difference on velocities of center of mass on different serving styles. 3. Within the female group ( both division ⅠandⅡ), there are no significant differences on the angles between upper extremities before receiving and at receiving the ball, either were the angles between lower extremities before receiving and at receiving the ball. But there are significant differences on the angles of wrists and the angle of elbow at receiving the ball (p<.05). 4. Within the male group (both division ⅠandⅡ), there are significant differences on the angles of wrists and the angles of elbows(p<.05), and on the angles of elbows (p<.05). But no significant difference found on the angles between lower extremities before receiving and at receiving the ball.