體操技術報告-以101年全國大專校院運動會黃勝盟選手吊環項目為例

Abstract

我國從過去至今，吊環項目在國際上一直有成績上的突破，也促使了國內教練及選手把吊環項目視為我國重點發展的項目，本報告旨在透過黃勝盟選手參加101年全國大專校院運動會之訓練及參賽過程進行分析紀錄與檢討，希望藉此報告中找出優缺點，作為往後教練與選手訓練時的參考與依據。本報告分成四個章節，重點摘要如下。第壹章個案描述：黃勝盟選手出生於台北市，八歲開始進入體操領域，高中時期開始進入巔峰期，也開始進駐國家訓練中心培訓，經過系統化與科學化的訓練明顯看出國際成績的突破。第貳章學理基礎：競技體操運動有90%能量來自於磷化物系統與乳酸系統，因此訓練計畫必須針對此能量系統做規劃。在體能部分以阻力訓練為一種提升肌力的有效方法。在心理訓練部分則包括意象、建立例行性動作、模擬比賽訓練、專注力訓練等。技術訓練部分分為單個動作訓練、聯合動作訓練和成套動作訓練等訓練方法。第参章訓練及參賽計畫：本計畫以雙峰週期結構劃分，在訓練計畫安排前先針對內外部環境進行S.W.O.T.分析及訓練特殊性分析，透過第一次體能、心理、技術檢測後，開始擬定訓練計畫。訓練計畫如下：體能部分需提升專項體能如吊環力量組合；心理部分需在自信、壓力管理、專注與再專注上，利用心理訓練技巧來加強不足的地方；技術部分：需加強力量動作的質量要求。在參賽計畫安排上從比賽期II (101年全大運)，5月2日出發至5月8日結束，共六天的行程，期間安排了兩天調整訓練，一天賽台訓練，以及比賽。第肆章訓練及參賽成果與建議：訓練過程中在12月底時，發生二頭肌長頭拉傷，導致實施吊環力量動作時，前三角肌肉疼痛，因此整體訓練計畫需做更改，訓練規劃加入復健治療，並取消特殊準備期I與賽前期I的檢測，之後帶傷參加2012泛太平洋體操錦標賽，回國後緊接著特殊準備期II，沒有時間把傷痛治好，因此帶傷訓練，但整個訓練過程努力不懈，加上信念的堅持，最後與冠軍以0.225之差，獲得了第二名，結束所有賽程。建議：選拔部分選訓委員應盡早公告選拔日期；訓練部分應針對體能、心理、技術三方面合一的訓練建立組織；參賽部分應針對訓練內容做檢討，並慎選和取捨選拔或比賽，將一切可能影響比賽的因素降至最低，提高獲勝機率。Recent remarkable competition results of Taiwanese gymnasts in international men’s Rings competition have proved Rings deserves to be a national key event. Thus, this technical report aimed to shed light on both the merits and demerits of how athlete Sheng-Mong Huang was trained for, and how he performed in, the Universiade Kaohsiung 2012; through which, reference and implication for prospective training programs related might be provided. In what follows, the findings of four chapters constituting this report are summarized. Chapter One, Case Description: Sheng-Mong Huang, the author as a subject, narrated his outstanding background of physical education, training, and performance. Huang was born in Taipei City and was an initiate into the field of gymnastics at his age of 8. Selected as a national gymnastics representation in college days, Huang subsequently received systematic and periodical long-term training program in National Sports Training Center and eminently progressed in international competitions. Chapter Two, Literature Review: Several dimensions involved in the training for gymnasts are considered. Firstly, Up to 90% of the energy for gymnastics derives from ATP-PC& Lactic Acid System; the energy system for this reason should be strengthened in the training program. In terms of psychological skills, imaging, establishment of routines, simulated competition, and attention training constitutes the course of psychological training. In addition, technical skill training comprises trainings of individual, combinative, and entire exercises. Chapter Three, Training Program for Competition: S.W.O.T Analysis of intrinsic and extrinsic elements and analysis of specific characteristics of training should be completed prior to the target training program, which was schemed based on Bi-Cycle structure. According to the results of physical strength, psychological quality, and gymnastic skill tests, the objective of the 1st stage of the training program was established as follows. In terms of physical strength, specific physical strength item enhancing program as strength and combination of still rings skills was the requirement. Psychological training skills as concentration, self-confidence, morale and fighting power, in addition, were adopted for reinforcing weak points, to strengthen the quality of the strength were the practice foci to meet the requirement of technical skills. As for the six-day schedule of competition (Universiade Kaohsiung 2012), two-day amendment exercise, one-day podium exercise, and one-day competition were managed for. Chapter Four, Results and Implications: In training process Huang has the biceps injury at the end of December, it cause to the hurts of triceps muscle when performing the Still Rings, therefore the training program not only had to be changed, but also need to rearrange a specification rehabilitation treatment in the program, and the Specific Preparation and Pre-game inspection Phase in the 1st training stage has to be cancelled. Afterwards, is wounded participates in 2012 Pan- Pacific Gymnastics Championship Competition. After returning to homeland, Huang is wounding into the Special Preparation phase II and no time to cure the pain. However, he won the 2nd place in the last competition, and only 0.225 point difference between the 1st place, it because of his faith and consistently effort during the training period. Based on the findings of the report, suggestions and implications were revealed as the following. First of all, the selection date should be confirmed as earlier as possible. Secondly, the programs for training should be focused on three aspects of physical, psychological, technical as well. Thirdly, the program of the training plan should be reviewed, in order to minimize the factors that may affect competition and enhances win probability, the selection and choice selection or competition should be more carefully and cautious.