吸氣肌熱身對高強度腳踏車間歇運動表現之影響

Abstract

目的：本研究在探討吸氣肌熱身對於隨後高強度腳踏車間歇運動表現的影響。方法：以12名大專男性優秀運動選手為受試對象（年齡，21.3 ± 2.0歲；身高，178.7 ± 6.8公分；體重，72.0 ± 7.2公斤），使用重覆量數、平衡次序原則的實驗設計，所有受試者須進行三種不同實驗處理，包括吸氣肌熱身處理 (inspiratory muscle warm-up, IMW) 、安慰劑處理 (placebo, PLA) 與控制處理 (control, CON) 。控制處理不進行吸氣肌熱身，而安慰劑處理與吸氣肌熱身處理分別以強度15%及40%的最大吸氣壓力 (maximum inspiratory mouth pressures, PImax) ，進行2組30下的吸氣肌熱身。實驗處理後，受試者須在腳踏車測功儀上，以180%最大有氧動力輸出反覆進行間歇休息20秒的10秒衝刺，直到衰竭。實驗過程中，分析衝刺的次數、血乳酸、血氨、RPE (rating of perceived exertion) 與RPB (rating of perceived breathlessness) ，以及股外側肌的肌肉氧飽和度。結果：在衝刺次數、血乳酸與血氨濃度方面，三種實驗處理間皆未達顯著差異。在測驗前的RPE與RPB，IMW皆顯著高於PLA（RPE，IMW vs. PLA，10.3 ± 2.5 vs. 8.5 ± 2.4分，p< .05；RPB，IMW vs. PLA，1.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.7分，p < .05），且在測驗後5分鐘的RPB，PLA顯著低於CON（PLA vs. CON，3.0 ± 1.3 vs. 4.1 ± 1.9分，p < .05）。在衝刺次數之中位數前三趟 (before Md) 的組織氧合指標 (TSI) ，IMW顯著高於CON (IMW vs. CON, -15.95 ± 2.80 vs. -20.14 ± 5.57 %, p < .05) 。在高強度腳踏車間歇測驗中的中位數前三趟 (before Md) (IMW vs. CON, 17.44 ± 5.84 vs. 21.37 ± 5.14 μmol, p < .05) 、中位數後三趟 (after Md) (IMW vs. CON, 17.49 ± 5.94 vs. 21.44 ± 5.36 μmol, p < .05) 及最後三趟 (last) (IMW vs. CON, 17.46 ± 5.94 vs. 21.37 ± 4.87 μmol, p < .05) ，IMW的去氧血紅素 (HHb) 均顯著低於CON。結論：本研究結果顯示，吸氣肌熱身可能無法改善高強度腳踏車間歇運動表現，然而，這種熱身活動能減緩衝刺運動所引起的肌肉缺氧情形。

Purpose: To investigate the effects of inspiratory muscle (IM) warm-up on subsequent high-intensity intermittent cycling performance. Methods: Twelve male athletes (age, 21.3 ± 2.0 yrs; height, 178.7 ± 6.8 cm; weight, 72.0 ± 7.2 kg) were voluntarily recruited in this repeated measures and crossover designed study. All participants were requested to perform three different experimental treatments, including inspiratory muscle warm-up (IMW), placebo (PLA) and control (CON). The control trial was without IM warm-up while the PLA and IMW were with IM warm-up by performing two sets of 30 breaths at 15% and 40% maximum inspiratory mouth pressure (PImax), respectively. After treatment, participants repeatedly performed 10 s sprint at 180% of maximal aerobic power output with 20 s rest interval on a cycling ergometer until exhaustion. The numbers of sprint, blood lactate and ammonia concentrations, ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), and perceived intensity of breathlessness sensation (RPB), and muscle oxygen saturation of the vastus lateralis were measured during the experiments. Results: No significant differences were found on the numbers of sprint, blood lactate and ammonia concentrations among three treatments. The RPE and RPB scores in IMW at pre-test were significantly higher than those in PLA (RPE, IMW vs. PLA, 10.3 ± 2.5 vs. 8.5 ± 2.4, p< .05; RPB, IMW vs. PLA, 1.3 ± 1.2 vs. 0.7 ± 0.7, p < .05), and the RPB in PLA at 5-min post-test was significantly lower than that in CON (PLA vs. CON, 3.0 ± 1.3 vs. 4.1 ± 1.9, p < .05). The tissue saturation index (TSI) in IMW at the three sprints before median of sprints was significantly higher than that in CON (IMW vs. CON, -15.95 ± 2.80 vs. -20.14 ± 5.57 %, p < .05). The deoxygenated haemoglobin (HHb) in IMW at three sprints before (IMW vs. CON, 17.44 ± 5.84 vs. 21.37 ± 5.14 μmol, p < .05)and after (IMW vs. CON, 17.49 ± 5.94 vs. 21.44 ± 5.36 μmol, p< .05) median of sprints, and at the last three sprints (IMW vs. CON, 17.46 ± 5.94 vs. 21.37 ± 4.87 μmol, p < .05) during high-intensity intermittent cycling test were significantly lower than those in CON. Conclusion: These results indicate that the IMW might not improve the subsequent high-intensity intermittent cycling sprint performance, however, the warm-up activities in this manner could attenuate the sprint-induced muscle deoxygenation.