優秀運動選手重大術後復健心理與參賽歷程之探究

Abstract

摘 要 本研究主要目的旨在探究優秀運動選手在經歷重大術後復健心理歷程，以及影響重回運動場之轉換的重要因素。研究採深度訪談法，以5位女子團體球類項目為受訪對象，其收案條件為代表國家參加亞洲級以上之國際競賽，並且在受到重大運動傷害後經復建於2年內重回運動場者。訪談所得結果，輔以文獻回顧，經敘說分析法概念進行整理與分析，從中了解優秀選手受傷的情境與因素、術後復健心理歷程和影響重回運動場的重要因素。研究結果顯示：一、國內優秀運動選手大部分皆在比賽情境中受傷，而疲勞、過度訓練、氣候是為引起運動傷害的主因；二、運動選手在受傷後的心理情緒反應皆符合階段模式與認知模式之反應，即歷經從負面沮喪等情緒到正面積極的轉換，並藉由自我對話設定目標重新找回自身價值；三、從優秀運動選手之術後復健心理歷程可發現家人、朋友、隊友、教練及運動傷害防護員支持，再加上選手自我對話，能增強運動員心理建設，給予選手正面能量，減少負面想法再度回到競技場上，運動員保持對於專項運動的熱情，選手設定目標再加上社會支持的幫助，為選手再度參賽的關鍵。建議後續研究可增加各種項目優秀運動員重大術後復健之歷程探究，包含個人項目及團體項目，一方面可針對優秀運動員在訓練及競賽過程當中，將容易導致傷害的各種因素做深入分析，另一方面亦可比較單項運動及團體運動在復健的過程當中有無差異，更可針對性別再做另一層面的比較。

Abstract This study aimed to explore the elite athletes in rehabilitation psychology process after major surgery, as well as the important factors affecting the transition of athletes return to the court less than two years. The qualitative study was conducted by in-depth interviews, to interview the five respondents of women's team sports players who represented to participate international competition at least the Asia-class competition. Interview results are supplemented by literature review, collation and analysis via the concept of narrative analysis. The findings of this study showed the main situation and the factors of elite players injured, rehabilitation psychology process after major surgery and return to the court are as follows: 1) The main reasons that cause most outstanding athletes injured are compitition, fatigue, overtraining, and climate, 2) after the injured, the psychological and emotion of alathlete in compliance with the stage model and the cognitive model, gradually overcome the shadow and inner fear, transition from depression and other negative emotions to positive by self-talk goals setting to rediscover their own values, 3) the important factors in rehabilitation psychology process after major surgery than return to court successfully can be found in family, friends, teammates, coaches and trainer support, plus the players self-talk, can enhance mental construction, giving players a positive energy and reduce negative thoughts. The follow-up studies could be compare with personal projects and group projects, individual sports and team sports contain different gender, in order to find the variety factors cause to hurt, and the differences in the process of rehabilitation to do in-depth analysis.