青少年依附關係、心理資本與幸福感之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討不同背景變項之青少年在依附關係、心理資本與幸福感之間的差異與相關情形。研究者抽取基隆地區八所高中職學校男女學生，以問卷調查法進行資料收集，得有效樣本共682人，男生344人；女生338人。 本研究所使用的研究工具為︰「父母與同儕依附量表」、「心理資本量表」及「高中生幸福感量表」，並以描述統計、單因子變異數分析、皮爾森積差相關、多元迴歸分析等統計方法進行處理。主要研究結果如下︰ 1. 私立高中職的青少年其同儕依附、希望、樂觀、自我效能，和幸福感知覺程度較公立高中職的青少年高。 2. 高一學生的希望感高於二、三年級學生。 3. 青少年的母親依附與同儕依附呈現性別差異，女生的母親依附與同儕依附關係高於男生。父親依附則無不同性別的差異。 4. 男女生在希望、樂觀兩層面並無差異，但是在自我效能與復原力上具有差異，且男生的自我效能與復原力均高於女生。 5. 獨生子女青少年其父親依附較其他排行為高。 6. 青少年依附關係、心理資本與幸福感之間呈現正相關。 7. 青少年依附關係與心理資本能有效的預測幸福感。 最後研究者依據本研究結果加以討論並提出具體建議，期能提供高中職輔導人員及未來研究之參考。The purposes of the study were explore:1).whether senior high school students’ attachment relationships, psychological capital, and well-being varied with gender, grades, family structure, and parental education levels; 2). Whether the relationships among attachment relationships, psychological capital, and well-being existed; and 3).whether attachment relationships, and psychological capital predicted well-being. Participants were 682 senior high school students chosen from eight senior high schools in Keelung city. The instruments used in this research included: Attachment relationships scale, psychological capital scale, and well-being scale. The obtained data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The results were as follows: 1. Students in private high school sense of peer attachment, hope, optimism, self-efficacy, and well-being are significant higher than students in public high schools. 2. First grade students sense of hope are higher than second and third grade students. 3. The mother attachment and peer attachment of adolescents varied significantly with gender. Father attachment shown no difference among adolescents of different vi genders. 4. No gender difference in hope, and optimism, but with differences in self-efficacy and resilience, and self-efficacy and resilience of boys than girls. 5. Father attachment of the only child is higher than any birth order child. 6. The Pearson correlation also shown that the relationships between attachment relationships and psychological capital, between attachment relationships and well-being, and between psychological capital and well-being all existed. 7. The well-being could be predicted form attachment relationships and psychological capital. Finally, based on the findings, suggestions for guidance and future research were provided.