一位自閉症幼兒母親之教養經驗與轉化學習研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討自閉症幼兒母親之教養經驗與轉化學習，採用敘事研究的方法，希望經由研究者生命經驗的敘說以及對經驗的理解與詮釋，從中了解研究者教養自閉症幼兒的相關經驗及轉化學習。本研究結果發現：自閉症幼兒家庭遭遇的困境：大齡母親產後復原緩慢且育兒體力欠佳；母親角色需要學習並與時俱進，亦面臨社會文化價值觀念較嚴苛對待；社會大眾不了解自閉症，父母容易受到重要家人影響而延誤孩子就醫時機；父母缺乏正確認知自閉症和重要療育技巧等資訊；自閉症幼兒母親面臨家庭壓力、孩子特殊行為和教養問題、外界質疑眼光等壓力。自閉症幼兒家庭的需求：社會及醫療資源、教育資源，夫妻共同教養孩子和參與家庭活動。自閉症幼兒母親的教養經驗：研究者歸納出自己觀察到孩子特殊行為，以學前階段的早期療育課程為基礎，擴充孩子的體能訓練、人際溝通技巧及音樂陶冶等方式促進自閉症幼兒的身心發展；研究者積極建立孩子學習習慣、培養孩子的溝通能力、訓練孩子的社交技巧、生活自理能力及感官統合訓練，並重視親子休閒活動。自閉症幼兒母親之心理調適：及早面對孩子是自閉症的現實，且正視孩子的早期療育復健；與配偶協調教養共識及其他家人協助；自閉症兒家長社群分享多元療育資訊，幫助家長了解自閉症的疾病發展進程及學習他人成功經驗。自閉症幼兒母親之轉化學習：原生家庭影響研究者的教養觀點，引發研究者為彌補童年父母無法陪伴的遺憾，轉變為請育嬰假在家育兒並陪伴孩子成長；在教養孩子過程中，每日教養議題與觀念衝突是觸發研究者之教養觀點轉化來源，經由內容、過程、前提反思的歷程，讓研究者意識覺醒並朝向轉化學習方向發展。最後，依據研究結果，對相關單位及未來研究提出建議。The study aims to explore the parenting experience and the transformative learning of a mother raising her autistic child. It adopts the narrative research method. And it is expected to understand the relevant aspects of upbringing autistic child and her experience of transformative learning. The results of the study reveal:Usually, a mother giving her first birth at an advanced age might encounter the following difficulties: (1) with poor parenting skills; (2) a slow postpartum recovery and a poor physical condition for childcare; (3) expectations from social and cultural demanding more strictly. Moreover, the public understand the autism very little. It is easy to be influenced by important family members, therefore the child's medical treatment might be delayed. For caring and educating a child with autism, the mother might face the family pressure, child's special behavioral problems, and the challenges from the external questioning. The needs of the families with autistic child include: social and medical resources, educational resources, couples raising the child together and participating in family activities. The researcher summarizes the parenting experience with the autistic child: (1) the continual expanding the physical training, interpersonal communication skills and musical cultivation based on the early therapeutic courses of the preschool stage; (2) active establishment of the child's study habits, social skills, self-care capabilities, sensory integration, and participation of parent-child leisure activities. The suggestions regarding the psychological adjustment of the mother with autistic child include: (1) confronting the reality of their child’s autism early and taking the intervention as early as possible; (2) paying attention to the early treatment and rehabilitation of the child; (3) coordinating the parenting strategies with their spouse and seeking assistance from other family members; (4) sharing the treatment information and other people’s successful experiences in the Autism Parent Communities.The transformative learning of a mother with autistic child includes: (1) the researcher’s family background shaping her parenting views and leading her to take parental leave for her child, for the purpose of compensating the lack of parental presence in her childhood; (2) daily parenting challenges and conflicts as the catalyst for transforming her parenting perspectives; (3) through a process of content, process, and premise reflection, the researcher experienced an awakening and moved towards transformative learning.Based on the findings of this study, recommendations are made for relevant organizations and future research.