臺灣2011年至2021年海洋科學類兒童圖畫書圖解設計類型與插畫風格分析

Abstract

臺灣是一個四面環海的典型海島型國家。海洋與我們的生活息息相關，大至關聯到全球的氣候調節與生態環境變遷，與平日生活相關，包含航運交通、資訊供給、經濟發展與日常的衣食住行等，皆有密不可分的關係。身處於地理位置優勢、擁有豐富海洋資源的我們，親近與了解海洋為必要。透過從小的海洋教育，以培養孩子正確的海洋知識概念。本研究欲分析2011-2021年國內自製與進口版權，內容與傳遞海洋知識相關之資訊型科學類兒童圖畫書，分析其圖解設計類型、內容表現與插畫風格特徵。樣本取自臺北市、新北市立圖書館，以及實體店面與網路販售書籍，共蒐集63本圖畫書樣本冊數。第一部分「圖解設計表現形式分析」，分析為上述圖畫書內所有與「海洋」內容相關之內頁圖面，共蒐集1139筆跨頁，並參考類似研究（楊宗榮，2010；陳黎枚，2003）等之方法，以9種圖解設計方法的表現形式特徵進行圖解設計分析與判斷。第二部分「插畫風格分析」，此部分按照上述每本圖畫書的風格多樣性而定，取一張至三張代表性內頁共126筆樣本（含跨頁和單頁）作為風格分析使用，再加上63本書封作為分析參考用。並參考相關研究（伊彬，2015；伊彬等，2022）之風格分析方法與風格架構，進行圖畫書插畫風格分析。研究結果發現：（1）「具象說明法」與「註文解釋法」為整體圖解方法應用主軸，其次為「綜合圖表」、「圖示強調法」、「構造剖面法」。（2）圖像風格共11大項，以「裝飾圖案化」、「設計概念式繪畫」、「童話卡通特質」、「並置」為主軸。（3）各風格大項再分出36小項風格。其中因畫面構成特徵新增SA、SB、SC，3種科學類風格小項，成為此類資訊型科學類兒童圖畫書的風格特徵。（4）樣本未發現「類國畫」、「童趣」、「劇場攝影」風格大項。（5）本研究風格相較伊彬（2015）既有政府出版品更為成人化、裝飾性與強調設計感。（6）本研究與政府出版品於「並置」、「漫畫」風格數量有顯著不同，原因於兩者文本性質的不同加上兩者風格樣本的繪圖者於插畫訓練的程度不同而產生風格上的差異。伊彬（2015）政府出版品以文學類、故事性的呈現，部分樣本為中小學生或社區居民等素人插畫家所繪製，本研究以非文學類、非故事性的呈現，本研究則具有商業競爭力的職業童書插畫家進行繪製。因此，既有研究有大量「童趣」、「漫畫」風格，本研究完全沒有「童趣」，「漫畫」風格也不到5%。

Taiwan is a typical island country surrounded by sea. The ocean is closely related to our lives, from global climate regulation and ecological changes, to daily life, including shipping and transportation, information supply, economic development, and daily food, clothing, housing, and transportation, all of which are inextricably linked. Being in a geographically advantageous position with abundant marine resources, it is essential for us to get close to and understand the ocean.This study analyzes the types of diagram design, content performance, and illustration style of children's informational science picture books related to the transmission of marine knowledge from 2011 to 2021, both domestically produced and imported. The samples were collected from Taipei City and New Taipei City libraries, as well as books sold in stores and on the Internet, and a total of 63 picture books were collected. In the first part, " Diagram design types analysis ", 1139 cross-pages were collected from all the interior pages related to the content of "Ocean" in the above-mentioned picture books, and the graphic design was analyzed and judged by the presentation characteristics of nine graphic design methods with reference to the similarity studies (Yang, Zong-rong, 2010; Chen Li-mei, 2003). In the second part,"Illustration style analysis", according to the style diversity of each picture book mentioned above, 126 samples (including cross-pages and single-pages) with one to three representative interior pages were taken for style analysis, and 63 book covers were also taken as references for analysis. In addition, 63 book covers were used as reference for the analysis. The style analysis was conducted with reference to the style analysis method and style structure of related studies (I, bin, 2015; I,bin, 2022). The results of the study revealed that: (1) "Figurative illustration" and "Annotated explanation" were the main axes of the overall application of graphic methods, followed by "Comprehensive chart", "Graphic emphasis", and "Structural section method". (2) There were 11 major categories of graphic styles, with "Decorative patterned style", "Design concept painting", "Fairy tale cartoon style", and "Juxtaposition" as the main axes. (3) Each major style is divided into 36 sub-styles. Among them, SA, SB, and SC were added as three new sub-styles of science, which became the style characteristics of this kind of informational science children's picture books. (4) There were no "Chinese painting-like style", "Childish style", or "Theater photography style" style items found in this sample. (5) The style of this study is more adult, decorative, and design-oriented than the existing government publications by I, bin (2015). (6) There is a significant difference in the number of "Juxtapositions" and "Comic book" styles between this study and the government publication due to the difference in the nature of the two texts and the difference in the degree of training in illustration of the illustrators of the samples of the two styles. I, bin (2015) government publications are presented in a literary, storytelling style, and some of the samples are illustrated by vegetarian illustrators such as primary and secondary school students or community residents, while this study is presented in a non-literary, non-storytelling style, and this study is illustrated by commercially competitive professional children's book illustrators. As a result, there are a large number of "Childish style" and "Comic book" styles in the existing studies, while there is no "Childish style" and less than 5% of "Comic book" styles in this study.