國小學童在象形，指事，會意字上認字策略之發展研究

Abstract

本研究的主要目的在探討國小學童在象形、指事、會意類文字上的認字策略發展，瞭解不同年級的學童認字策略運用上的差異，並比較國小二年級中等認字能力組、四年級中等認字能力組和四年級低認字能力組受試者在認字線索使用上的差異情形。 研究中以Khomsi的研究方法對受試者進行施測，以臺北縣三重市光興國民小學一至四年級中等認字能力的學生和四年級低認字能力的學生為研究對象，共選取了受試者137名 。所得資料在象形類、指事類和會意類文字中，均以變異數分析進行處理。 研究結果顯示：國小一至四年級學生在認字線索的運用上，在象形類文字上，字形是重要的認字線索。而在指事類文字上，各刺激字類別間沒有顯著差異。接著在會意類文字上，本研究所採用的高筆劃字可能是比較困難的字。另外，二年級中等認字能力組和四年級低認字能力組的答對率沒有顯著差異，四年級低認字能力組和四年級中等認字能力組的答對率只有在高筆劃會意字接近顯著差異。此外，在象形、指事、會意三類文字中，字形均是他們重要的認字線索，而對初習文字的二年級學童而言，字音同時也是重要的認字線索，隨著年齡的增加，受字音的影響而誤判的情形逐漸減少。The main purpose of this study is to investigate the development of decoding strategies on elementary school students in Chinese characters of pictograph, compound pictograph, and ideograph. Furthermore, this research also compare the decoding strategies of second-grade average readers, fourth-grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers in the three types of Chinese characters. This study used the method developed by Khomsi. One hundred and thirty seven subjects were selected from the Guang-Shing elementary school at Sanchorng city, Taipei country. The subjects included first to fourth grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers. The data were analyzed by ANOVA procedure. The results were as follows. In sum, the shape of characters was the most important clue to decode pictographs for the first- to fourth-grade average readers. In compound pictographs, there was no significant difference among different types of stimuli for first- to fourth-grade average readers in this study. In high-stroke ideographs, it seems that the stimuli selected in this experiment were difficult for subjects. In addition, the mean proportions of accuracy between the second-grade average readers and the fourth-grade poor readers were not significantly different. The mean proportions of accuracy between the fourth-grade average readers and the fourth-grade poor readers were only significantly different on high-stroke ideographs. Besides, for second-grade average readers, fourth-grade average readers and fourth-grade poor readers, the shape of characters was the most important clue to decode pictographs, compound pictographs, and ideographs.