大學生家庭系統分化、人際親密與憂鬱之相關研究

Abstract

本研究旨在探討不同背景變項大學生，其家庭系統分化、人際親密與憂鬱之差異情形，同時探討家庭系統分化、人際親密與憂鬱三者間的關係，以及大學生家庭系統分化、人際親密對其憂鬱之預測情形。研究採用分層叢集之抽樣方式，抽取臺北市、新北市與基隆市8間大專院校，獲得892名大學生之有效樣本資料。 本研究所使用之研究工具包括「基本資料表」、「家庭系統分化量表」、「人際親密量表」與「董氏憂鬱量表（大專版）」，調查所得資料以單因子多變量變異數分析、Pearson積差相關，與逐步回歸分析等統計方法進行資料分析。其研究結果如下： 1. 目前大學生達明顯憂鬱與嚴重憂鬱者，佔全體學生人數11.3%。 2. 大學生整體家庭系統分化情形，不因學校類別與戀愛經驗而有差異；但於不同性別、居住狀況、父母婚姻關係、家庭社經地位與諮商經驗上有顯著差異。 3. 大學生整體人際親密狀況，不因年級與居住狀況而有差異；但於不同性別與戀愛經驗上達顯著差異。 4. 大學生整體憂鬱情形，不因學校類別與年級而有差異；但在不同性別、戀愛經驗、父母婚姻關係與諮商經驗上達顯著差異。 5. 大學生家庭系統分化與人際親密兩者間呈現正相關，而在家庭系統分化與憂鬱之間，以及人際親密與憂鬱之間，則皆呈現負相關。 6. 大學生的家庭系統分化與人際親密能有效預測其憂鬱，且逐步迴歸分析中，男女兩性大學生憂鬱的最佳預測變項，皆為人際親密中的「尊重、體諒、了解」；而在第二預測變項的部分，男大生選入的是「父子次系統分化」，而女大生選入的則是「親職次系統分化」。 最後，根據研究結果，進一步對實務工作及後續研究提出建議，期能提供實務工作者與未來研究者一些有用的參考方向。

This study aims to explore the difference of family system differentiation, interpersonal intimacy and depression of college students from different backgrounds, to investigate the correlations between family system differentiation, interpersonal intimacy and depression, and to predict the depression of college students by their family system differentiation and interpersonal intimacy. Through stratified-cluster sampling, a total of 892 students were invited as research participant from 8 colleges in Taipei City, New Taipei City and Keelung City. Research instruments include Personal Information Form, Differentiation in the Family System Scale (DIFS), Interpersonal Intimacy Scale and Tung’s Depression Inventory for College Students (TDICS). The collected data were analyzed with one-way MANOVA, Pearson correlation, and stepwise regression. The research findings are as follows: 1. The prevalence of college students with apparent depressive symptoms and severe depressive symptoms were 11.3%. 2. In the scores of family system differentiation: There is no significant difference in the college types or romantic status of college students. Nonetheless, there is significant difference in genders, living status, marital status of their parents, family social economic status, and counseling experience. 3. In the scores of interpersonal intimacy: There is no significant difference in grades and living conditions of college students. Nonetheless, there is significant difference in genders and romantic status. 4. In the scores of depression: There is no significant difference in college types and grades of college students. Nonetheless, there is significant difference in genders, romantic status, counseling experience, and marital status of their parents. 5. The research outcomes indicate the positive correlation between family system differentiation and interpersonal intimacy, and the negative correlation between family system differentiation and depression, as well as the negative correlation between interpersonal intimacy and depression. 6. After the stepwise regression analysis, the research results point out that family system differentiation and interpersonal intimacy can predict depression effectively. On top of that, the “respect, consideration and understanding” factor of interpersonal intimacy is the best predictive variable in both genders. Last but not least, Father-child Subsystem Differentiation serves as the secondary predictive variable for male college students; While Parenting Subsystem Differentiation serves as the secondary predictive variable for females.

Finally, the researcher offers suggestions for practitioners and researchers in counseling based on the research findings.