國中生目標導向對數學成就之影響：以學業恆毅力為中介變項

Abstract

本研究旨在探討國中生目標導向（工作趨向、工作逃避、自我趨向、自我逃避、他人趨向、他人逃避）、學業恆毅力（包含全量表，與分量表決心、韌性、聚焦）與數學成就三者間的相關，並進一步了解目標導向透過學業恆毅力是否對數學成就有中介效果。 研究使用問卷調查法，有效樣本為547位七到九年級的國中生。使用六向度目標導向量表、學業恆毅力量表為研究工具，並將學生第一次期中考數學成績轉換為標準分數，以多元迴歸與中介模式進行資料分析。 主要研究結果如下： 1. 國中生的學業恆毅力與數學成就有正相關，學業恆毅力分量表與數學成就相關程度由高至低依序為決心、韌性、聚焦。2. 國中生的目標導向與數學成就有正相關，目標導向分量表與數學成就相關程度由高至低依序為工作逃避、工作趨向、自我趨向、自我逃避、他人趨向、他人逃避。3. 他人趨向目標透過「學業恆毅力」間接影響數學成就，部分中介效果成立。他人逃避目標透過「學業恆毅力」直接影響數學成就，完全中介效果成立。工作趨向、工作逃避、他人趨向目標透過「學業恆毅力分量表韌性、聚焦」間接影響數學成就，部分中介效果成立。他人逃避目標透過「學業恆毅力分量表韌性、聚焦」直接影響數學成就，完全中介效果成立。 最後，將提供任教於青少年輔導階段者相關的建議，並針對本研究之限制與未來方向進行討論。The study is to explore the relationship between achievement goal theory (task-approach goal items, self-approach goal items, task-avoidance goal items, self-avoidance goal items, other-approach goal items, other-avoidance goal items), academic grit and mathematics achievement among students of junior high school. This research also examines academic grit mediate effects on achievement goal theory and mathematics achievement. The research method is survey techniques, and the participants were 547 from seventh to ninth grade junior high school students. The instruments used in this study included: Achievement Goal Questionnaire, Academic Grit Scale, standardized mathematics achievement. The statistical methods used to analyze the data were multiple regression analysis and mediation analysis. The conclusions of this study were summarized as follow: 1. There is a significant positive correlation between academic grit and mathematics achievement among students of junior high school. The relationship between the elements of academic grit and mathematics achievement from high to low is determination、resilience、focus. 2. There is a significant positive correlation between achievement goal theory and mathematics achievement among students of junior high school. The relationship between the elements of achievement goal theory and mathematics achievement from high to low is task-avoidance goal items、task-approach goal items、self-approach goal items、self-avoidance goal items、other-approach goal items、other-avoidance goal items. 3. The relationship between other-approach goal items and mathematics achievement was partially mediated by academic grit. The relationship between other- avoidance goal items and mathematics achievement was directly mediated by academic grit. The relationship between task-approach goal items、task-avoidance goal items、other-approach goal items and mathematics achievement was partially mediated by elements of academic grit: resilience、focus. The relationship between other-avoidance goal items and mathematics achievement was directly mediated by elements of academic grit: resilience、focus. According to these findings, the study also provides suggestions for future research directions and practitioners.