紐倫堡國際發明展得獎國中生人格特質、創造環境及創造歷程之研究

Abstract

本研究是以第五十八屆紐倫堡國際發明獎九位國內得獎國中生作為主要研究參與者，探討得獎者在創造者個人特質、環境與歷程方面的創造模式。 透過得獎學生與老師的訪談、二十七位同儕及家長的問卷和新聞媒體刊物的資料，以質性研究法分析、歸納研究結果如下： 一、個人特質方面：優秀聰穎、主動求知、喜歡思考、變通性強，觀察力強、富聯想力，堅持執著、勇於嘗試、富進取心、充滿自信；多元智能分析前三高分分別是數學／邏輯智能、知己（內省）智能、人際智能，整體而言，他們在音樂智能領域方面較不擅長。 二、創造環境方面：在家庭方面父母願意放手讓孩子嘗試、冒險，支持參加比賽，家庭環境重視溝通、討論與表達，充滿腦力激盪與解決問題的機會，氣氛及穩定性高、重視親子互動與休閒、經濟狀況良好；在學校方面「科學暨發明研究課程」及良師典範的引導提供思考廣度的增加、開闊視野、改變思考模式、提升邏輯思考能力、開闊胸襟、放觀世界、豐富想像力、聯想力和認識發明與專利的機會。 三、創造歷程問題解決模式：在個人創造歷程方面，個體利用觀察力綜合舊經驗和新知識發現問題和尋求最佳解決方案；在團體創造歷程方面，成員透過討論發現問題，在團體互相腦力激盪尋求最佳處理方案，進而發表與應用。 最後，根據上述之研究結果做進一步的討論，並提出實務及研究上之建議作為參考。This study aims at discussing the creative modes among personalities of inventors and the environment contributing to their inventions. The subjects under study are the nine junior high students who won at the 58th Nuremberg International Invention Exhibition in 2006 .

A questionaire was given to 27 classmates and parents. After an interview with the winners and their teachers, and the information from the press, the quality research method was applied and the results are as follows:

1. The aspect of personality: Subjects exhibited distinguished, curious, thoughtful, flexible, observant, imaginative, persistent, willing to try, initiative, and confident traits. Multi-dimensional intelligence analysis demonstrates the top three scores in mathematics/logic, self-knowing, and interpersonal intelligence. Generally speaking, poor scores were demonstrated in music.

2. The aspect of creative environments : In the family, parents are willing to let their children experiment, explore, and are supportive in competitive participation. They place value on communication, discussion and expression. There are plenty of opportunities for brainstorming and solving problems. The atmosphere and the stability at home are high. Parent-child interaction and leisure are considered. Parents are more likely to come from affluent backgrounds. The school provides the curriculum of "Science and Invention Research" and teachers provide them with guidance on inquisitiveness, vision, and consideration of new ideas which helps them develop logical thinking, imagination, and association. Topics covered are particularly the process of invention and patenting of inventions.

3. The aspect of creation and the question solving pattern: Individual and group creation steps are similar. They can be divided in five steps -- finding problems, seeking problem solving methods, searching the best processing project, evaluation, testing and publishing, and communicating application.

Finally, a further discussion according to the above findings is made and suggestions in both practice and research are offered.