2022杭州亞洲運動會籃球三對三教練領導行為之探究

Abstract

目的：本研究旨在探究2022杭州亞洲運動會籃球三對三項目之教練領導行為。方法：本研究採用質性研究手段，以2022年杭州亞洲運動會籃球三對三男女子組的教練和選手為研究對象，教練2位、選手7位，共計9位，經得同意後進行訪談。結果：(一) 在規劃期，教練強調了「訓練和指導行為」的重要性，包括訓練計畫的制定和定期調整，亦有規劃以賽代訓的方式納入後續的訓練；教練亦將「關懷行為」來建立信任以及確認選手的備賽期狀態，以便評估他們的潛力和適應性。(二) 在備賽期，教練使用「訓練與指導行為」、「民主行為」、「專制行為」和「關懷行為」，而教練為彌補籃球三對三教練無法臨場指導之限制，確實投入大量時間和精力在「訓練與指導行為」，並以「專制行為」確保培訓效率及效果，搭配「民主行為」成分來培養選手的自我決策能力，選手知覺到「關懷行為」能感到有信心。(三) 在比賽期，選手知覺到較多的「訓練與指導行為」、「民主行為」和「關懷行為」，同理，教練未能在場指導，在比賽前、後採取較多的「訓練與指導行為」和「民主行為」，以利選手臨場運用，並用「關懷行為」激勵選手引發參賽動機。結論：在備戰期和比賽期教練實行不同領導行為，以符合籃球三對三項目之領導限制，而選手所知覺到的領導行為亦與實際教練領導行為相符。Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the coaching leadership behaviors of the basketball three-on-three event at the 2022 Hangzhou Asian Games. Methods: This study utilized qualitative research techniques and interviews were conducted with 2 coaches and 7 players, a total of 9 peoples, in the Basketball Three-on-Three Men's and Women's divisions of the 2022 Asian Games in Hangzhou, China, with their consent. Results: (1) During the planning period, coaches emphasized the importance of "training and coaching behaviors", including the development of training plans and regular adjustments, as well as planning to incorporate game-based training into subsequent training; coaches also used "caring behaviors" to build trust and to confirm the status of players during the preparatory period in order to assess their potential and adaptability. (2) During the preparatory period, coaches used the terms"training and coaching behaviors," "democratic behaviors," "autocratic behaviors," and "authoritarian behaviors. During the preparation period, coaches used "training and coaching behaviors, "democratic behaviors," "authoritarian behaviors," and "caring behaviors." Coaches devoted a great deal of time and effort to "training and coaching behaviors" to make up for the fact that basketball three-on-three coaches were not able to provide on-court coaching, and "authoritarian behaviors" were used toensure the efficiency and effectiveness of the training, while"democratic behaviors" were used to develop the player's ability to make decisions for him/herself, and players were made to feel confident by the use of "caring behaviors. (3) During the competition period, the athletes were aware of more "training and coaching behaviors", "democratic behaviors" and "caring behaviors". Similarly, the coaches were not able to be on the field to guide the athletes, but adopted more "training and coaching behaviors" and "democratic behaviors" before and after thecompetition period, in order to facilitate the athletes' on-the-spot application, and motivated the athletes to participate in the competition with "caring behaviors". Conclusion: Coaches practiced different leadership behaviors during the preparation and competition periods to comply with the leadership constraints of the basketball three-on-three event, and players' perceived leadership behaviors were consistent with actual coaching behaviors.