以宗教為目的之華語文教學－耶穌基督後期聖徒教會傳教士之個案研究

Abstract

本研究之目的是希望透過能得知耶穌基督末世聖徒教會(The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints) 所創辦的傳教士訓練中心（The Missionary Training Center， MTC）如何在短期密集、非華語區的環境下，訓練零程度的傳教士。從整體觀點以及語言教學觀、教學目標、語言訓練課程內容與特色等等進行探討。並進而探討傳教士在目標語區如何繼續提升他們的語言能力以及習得的過程，最後分析傳教士學習語言優勢的因素。 教學內容以「摩門教教義」、「由聖靈教導」、「以語言為工具」為三個宣言，以溝通式教學法中「課堂呈現－課堂練習－溝通練習」為課堂三部曲。教學目標是以「傳教」為主要任務。教材的呈現是針對傳教士的學習需求、學習目標、文化知識所編寫的。內容以「宗教詞彙」為主要優先，進而擴大至日常生活所需之詞彙。 嚴謹的教學管理、情景式的教學環境、多合一的教學法以及優秀的學習者是傳教士學習語言優勢的因素。傳教士積極主動的學習動機及態度，以及有效的使用理解、推理、練習、記憶、修正、自我監控、計畫、社交策略等學習策略，並且在一個「由上而下的目標管理」以及「堅強的凝聚力」下，配合「溝通式」、「任務式」、「聽說教學」、「密集式」等當今主流的教學法，而且與真實的環境相結合，使得傳教士在語言學習上如虎添翼。The purpose of this research is to understand the approach being used for Missionaries Chinese learning in the Missionary Training Center in Provo in Utah. Also how missionaries improve their Chinese in Taiwan, the target language environment. In particular how they achieve such levels through intensive language training in a non-Chinese speaking country.

Their principal teaching approach is simple namely Present – Practice – communicate. As their goal is to train missionaries for a successful productive posting overseas, the primary focus of the vocabulary is religious. They then incorporate the vocabulary necessary for daily life in the chosen country in order that the students may communicate easily in the environment.

The results of the research suggest that the main factors which contribute to their success are: -Goal-oriented management. -A practical communication – based teaching approach. -Highly motivated students.