柯普蘭《小提琴奏鳴曲》之樂曲分析與演奏詮釋

Abstract

柯普蘭（Aaron Copland, 1900-1990）為二十世紀的著名美國作曲家，以創作「美國精神」的音樂聞名，其作品帶有古典音樂的純淨之美，又融入現代作曲技法的特色，同時結合美國民族音樂特色，透過廣播、電影、唱片等新媒體將美國音樂推向國際，其作品種類涵蓋聲樂曲、室內樂、芭蕾、管絃樂曲、歌劇、電影配樂以及器樂作品。《小提琴奏鳴曲》(Violin Sonata, 1943)，柯普蘭唯一的小提琴奏鳴曲，當時他將全新的作曲理念投入至這首樂曲中。這個時期的音樂以「功能性」為主，將音樂的元素簡單化，讓純淨、和諧的聲響自然地被聽眾接納。本研究透過作曲家的生平背景、作曲風格，整理出柯普蘭的音樂作品變化，並分析此曲的樂曲架構與創作手法。在樂曲詮釋方面，根據作曲家的創作理念及和聲聲響，對比樂譜的記號，進而探討演奏指法、弓法及詮釋理念。Aaron Copland (1900-1990) was one of the most celebrated composer of the 20th century in the United States. His composition was known of “American” style, promoted to international through radio, movie and recordings. Copland’s music has distinctly classical style, with contemporary composing techniques to incorporated American folk tunes. His works ranged from vocal, chamber, ballet, orchestral, opera, film scores to instrumental music.Copland only composed one violin sonata. With new composing idea and techniques, this sonata was composed in his “functional music” period, featuring pure, simple sound for audiences. The dissertation will study Copland’s musical life and compositional style, analyze the work based on its musical structure and characteristics. With the analysis and notation in sheet music, the dissertation will propose interpretations of the composition, with suggested fingerings and bowings by the author, to provide a reference to readers.