大專籃球選手知覺教練領導行為與依附行為對運動表現之預測

Abstract

本研究旨在探討103學年度大專校院籃球聯賽公開一級教練領導行為與依附行為對運動表現之預測。以有晉級103學年度大專校院公開組男、女第一級決賽之14隊伍的籃球選手為對象。在經徵得同意後，以「教練領導行為量表」、「運動選手依附行為量表」與「運動表現量表」測量選手知覺的教練領導行為、依附行為與運動表現，共計發放有252份，有效問卷為189份，所得資料經描述性統計、皮爾遜積差相關、獨立樣本t-test、單因子變異數分析和多元迴歸進行分析。結果顯示：(一) 103學年度UBA公開一級籃球選手在教練領導行為中知覺到較多的「訓練與指導」(M = 5.43 ± 1.05)，而「專制行為」(M=4.28 ± .83) 最低；在依附行為中，以「抗拒層面」(M = 4.25 ± .91) 構面最高，則「害怕層面」(M = 3.31 ± 1.16) 構面為最低；在運動表現則偏低(M = 3.84 ± 1.73)。(二) 103學年度UBA公開一級籃球選手的教練領導行為中的「訓練與指導」、「民主行為」、「關懷行為」、「獎勵行為」僅與「害怕層面」呈負相關，而「專制行為」與依附行為中的三個構面皆呈正相關，又「民主行為」與「焦慮層面」呈正相關；另在教練領導行為中的「關懷行為」與「運動表現」呈正相關之外，其餘四個構面皆無；而依附行為與運動表現也無相關。(三) 103學年度UBA公開一級籃球選手的教練領導行為中的「專制行為」、「獎勵行為」、依附行為和運動表現在性別有差異，而「訓練與指導」、「民主行為」、「關懷行為」、「獎勵行為」及依附行為中的「害怕層面」在年齡和每週訓練時數有差異，而依附行為中的「抗拒層面」在位置有差異，「關懷行為」、「獎勵行為」在指導時間有差異。 (四) 103學年度UBA公開一級籃球選手知覺教練領導行為的「專制行為」能正向預測「焦慮層面」、「抗拒層面」；而「專制行為」、「訓練與指導」能正向預測「害怕層面」。(五) 103學年度UBA公開一級籃球選手知覺教練領導行為僅有「關懷行為」能正向預測運動表現。(六) 103學年度UBA公開一級籃球選手知覺依附行為皆未能有效預測運動表現。The purpose of this study was to examine predictive utility of coach leadership behavior and attachment behavior on sport performance among collegiate basketball players. Participants were 189 basketball player recruited 13 basketball teams who competed at the Division- I University Basketball Association (UBA) in 2014-2015. After received the informed consent from players, they were requested to complete Coach Leadership Behavior Questionnaire, Attachment Behavior Scale and Sport Performance Scale which assessed their perception of coach leadership behavior, attachment behavior and sport performance. After the data collection, descriptive statistics, Person’s correlations, independent sampling t-test, one-way ANOVA, simple linear regression, and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze data. The results indicated that: (1) Collegiate basketball players were perception more training and instructional behavior (M = 5.43 ± 1.05) and least autocratic behavior in the coach leadership behavior. Dismissing attachment and preoccupied attachment were showed median degree, but fearful attachment was low. Sport performance was showed low degree. (2) “Training and instructional behavior”, “democracy behavior”, “social behavior” and “positive behavior” were negatively associated with “fearful attachment” in attachment behaviors. “Autocratic behavior” was positively associated with attachment behaviors. “Democracy behavior” was positively associated with “preoccupied attachment” in attachment behaviors. In addition to “positive behavior” was positively associated with sport performance, the other four were not. The attachment behaviors was no associated with sport performance. (3) The democracy behavior, positive behavior, attachment behaviors and sport performance were found significant difference on gender. The training and instructional behavior, democracy behavior, social behavior, positive behavior and preoccupied attachment were found significant difference on age and training hours. The dismissing attachment was found significant difference on play position. The social behavior and positive behavior were found significant difference on instructional time. (4) “Autocratic behavior” in the coach leadership behavior positively predicted “preoccupied attachment” and “dismissing attachment”. “Autocratic behavior” and ”training and instructional behavior” were positively predicted “fearful attachment”. (5) “Social behavior” could positively predicted sport performance. (6) Attachment behavior could not predict sport performance.