地方性凝視：以卯澳漁村興建遊艇港事件為例

Abstract

卯澳漁村位於新北市貢寮區，為三貂角地區之古老漁村聚落，早年因農、漁產豐盛而成為三貂角地區繁榮聚落，但隨漁業資源枯竭與人口外移而沒落。2019年7月，內政部城鄉發展分署公布「變更東北角海岸風景特定區（卯澳、馬岡地區）細部計畫（第二次通盤檢討）案」進入第二次公開展覽階段，其內容欲將卯澳漁村東北方公園用地與海域改為遊艇港專用地，當地居民擔心若開發為遊艇港，隨後開發商進駐將會破壞當地文化、生態，因此成立自救會至立法院進行陳情抗議，最終政府接受居民陳情而計畫中止，使卯澳漁村得以維持原有風貌。對此本研究提出研究命題，探討在卯澳漁村興建遊艇港事件中，不同參與者之社會背景、位置、角色等，對於地方的凝視造成哪些衝突及問題。本研究使用質化研究，透過資料收集法、現場觀察法及半結構式訪談法進行研究分析，經研究發現，興建遊艇港事件中三方利益參與者分為政府、當地居民與開發商，其利益參與者對於卯澳凝視觀點如下：一、政府以海洋觀光政策作為計畫修改之依據。二、居民主張以自身漁村文化與自然生態進行文化保留。三、開發商希望透過開發觀光相關產業為主要目標。不同社會背景的利益參與者在凝視地方事件過程中，在權益不平等與對於地方有不同實踐看法產生衝突與摩擦。衝突來自於對地方不同的凝視，以及各利益參與者在社會角色背景影響之下的凝視觀點，在衝突事件中形成地方性凝視。台灣近年地方相關議題再一次受到重視，在面對聚落的開發與保存，可利用地方性凝視了解不同利益參與者的想法，透過不同對話與自覺，與當地進行連結，產生依地方而起的視野，為地方發展規畫建立整體可能性。Mao'ao Fishing Village is located in New Taipei City. In the early years, it became a prosperous settlement in the Sandiaojiao area due to its abundant agricultural and fishery products. However, it declined with the depletion of fishery resources and the emigration of the population. In July 2019, the Ministry of the Interior announced the detailed plan of reforming Mao'ao and Magang in the Northeast National Scenic Area. Its content intends to change the northeast of Mao'ao fishing village into a yacht port. Local residents are worried that if it is developed into a yacht port, and then the local culture and ecology will be destroyed with the presence of the developers. Therefore, a self-rescue association was established to lodge a protest in the Legislative Yuan. In the end, the government accepted the residents’ appeal and the project was suspended so that Mao’ao fishing village could maintain its original appearance. In this regard, this study puts forward a research proposition and explores the conflicts and problems caused by the social backgrounds, positions, and the roles of different participants in the construction of a yacht port in the Maoao fishing village.This study uses quantitative study and conducts research and analysis through literature analysis, field surveys and interviews. It is found that the three parties involved in the construction of the yacht port are the government, the local residents and the developers. The viewpoints are as the followings:1. The government takes the marine tourism policy as the main basis for the plan revision.2. The residents advocate opposing the development with their own fishing village culture and natural ecology.3. The developer hopes to develop tourism-related industries as the main goal.Conflicts and arguments arise in the process of gazing at local events among various stakeholders under the influence of social backgrounds.Local issues in Taiwan have received more attention in recent years. Facing the development and preservation of settlements, we can use local gaze to understand the thoughts of different stakeholders, connect with the local area through different dialogues and self-awareness, and generate a vision according to the place to build holistic possibilities for planning the local development.