莫札特小提琴與鋼琴奏鳴曲創作風格演變的研究

Abstract

在莫札特(Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, 1756-1791)約30年的作曲生涯中，小提琴與鍵盤樂器奏鳴曲的寫作從1762年到1788年，長達26年的時間，橫跨他各個創作階段。莫札特年少時，結識了修貝特(Johann Schobert, ca. 1720-1767)與約翰‧克利斯倩‧巴赫(Johann Christian Bach, 1735-1782)等作曲家，因而著手創作多達32首的作品。奏鳴曲樂章的結構、奏鳴曲式的演變，以及作曲手法的改變，展現出莫札特在不同時期所受到的影響，成為研究莫札特創作特色轉變的一套完整作品。 正值鋼琴取代大鍵琴，逐漸成為最主要的鍵盤樂器之際，小提琴與鍵盤樂器奏鳴曲的型態也隨之出現變化。原先以小提琴伴奏鍵盤樂器的模式，由於鋼琴音色與音量的獨立性，使得小提琴逐漸脫離伴奏的腳色。莫札特的這些作品，呈現出從兩種樂器之間關係的改變。 他們不僅是研究莫札特奏鳴曲發展的一套完整作品，同時展現出奏鳴曲式初期到創作手法成熟的架構。鍵盤樂器與小提琴地位從主屬關係，轉變為平等地位，因此也是研究小提琴與鍵盤樂器奏鳴曲在此時期演變過程的重要作品，並為此樂種在往後的發展，立下了創作的典範。本論文針對莫札特26首作品的曲式架構，以及小提琴與鍵盤樂器之間的關係，探討早期到成熟時期創作風格如何演變。The career of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-1791) been a composer about 30 years. He had been written the sonata for violin and piano from 1762-1788, across every phrase his life. The source of inspiration is the experience of European countries in tourism, In Paris, Mannheim, London, Hague and other places, he met Johann Schobert (ca. 1720-1767) and Johann Christian Bach (1735-1782), and composed the 32 sonatas. These sonatas show the influence of Mozart, which at different times, include the structure of sonata, the progress of sonata form, the creative Technique. They become an important works to research how Mozart transform his characteristic. At that time, piano replace harpsichord, and turn into the most important keyboard, the sonata for violin and keyboard also had some change at the same time. Since the independence of the piano tone and volume, make the violin change the role of accompaniment. Mozart’s works display the relationship of the two instruments. They are not only the development of a complete set of Mozart sonatas works, but show the creative techniques of architecture from early to mature. Keyboards and violin position from subordination transform to the equal status. Therefore they are important works to study the evolution of violin and keyboard sonatas during this period, and set a model for the creation of the development of musical genres. This thesis focuses on 26 works of Mozart musical form, and the relationship between violin and keyboard, explore how the evolution of creative style during the early to mature in these works.