球體不穩定表面訓練對女子競技體操選手靜態與動態平衡能力及運動表現之影響

Abstract

問題背景：競技體操是力量藝術結合的運動項目，隨特性不同，項目亦發展出不同特色。而女子展現特點項目為平衡木，是一平衡要求較高項目。不穩定表面訓練能有效提升神經肌肉與骨骼肌控制能力，是能提升人體感知之運動方式。目的：以球體不穩定表面訓練後，對於女子競技體操選手靜、動態平衡能力及運動表現之影響。方法：受試對象為十名運動年齡滿五年以上之女子競技體操選手，分為控制組和實驗組各五名，實驗組每週進行三次，比較二週、四週及六週之間的靜態及動態平衡能力與運動表現之差異，每次十分鐘的球體不穩定表面訓練，統計方法輸入SPSS 23.0，以混合二因子變異數分析進行考驗。結果：靜態平衡能力閉眼單足左腳站立實驗組於第二、四及六週達顯著差異，並於第六週與控制組達顯著；閉眼單足右腳站立實驗組於第四及第六週達顯著差異。動態平衡能力Y字平衡左腳站立實驗組於第二、第四及第六週達顯著差異，並於第六週與控制組達顯著；Y字平衡右腳站立實驗組於第六週達顯住差異，並在第六週與控制組達顯著。運動表現平衡木跑走實驗組第四及第六週達顯著差異，控制組於第六週達顯著，兩組於第二、第四及第六週達顯著差異。結論：透過球體不穩定表面訓練課表，靜、動態平衡能力需運用兩週以上訓練時間方能提升，然而要增加運動表現能力則須採用四週以上訓練時間。

Background Knowledge： Unstable surface training can effectively improve the control of neuromuscular and skeletal muscles, and is a way to enhance the perception of the human body. Objective：To study the effects of static and dynamic balance in athletic performance of women's competitive gymnastics. Methods： Ten female gymnastics athletes with experience of competing more than five years were divided into five groups: the control group and the experimental group. The experimental group performed three times a week to compare the static balance between two weeks, four weeks and six weeks. The difference between dynamic balance ability and exercise performance each had a ten-minute spherical unstable surface training. Results： The experimental group closed its eyes while showed significant differences in the second, fourth and especially the sixth week. The control group had a single foot standing while closing their eyes. There was a significant difference in the right foot standing experimental group in the fourth and sixth week. The dynamic balance ability for the Y-balance test left foot standing experimental group reached significant difference in the second, fourth and especially in the sixth week. For the control group, the Y-balance test right-foot standing experimental group reached it in the sixth week. The performance on the balance beam from the experimental group showed significant differences in the fourth and sixth weeks. The control group reached significance in the sixth week, and the two groups reached significant differences in the second, fourth and sixth weeks. Conclusion： The static and dynamic balance ability can be improved by using it more than two weeks of training time,and increase athletic performance.