以紮根理論探討選擇性緘默症者家長面臨之教養困境與突破

Abstract

本研究旨在探討選擇性緘默症者家長的親職壓力、因應策略及支持系統。邀請10位家有緘默兒的家長作為研究對象，藉由半結構式的訪談大綱進行深入訪談，瞭解其壓力來源及感受、因應策略及支持系統，採用質性研究方法，並以紮根理論中的開放編碼、主軸編碼、選擇性編碼進行資料分析。本研究結果如下：一、選擇性緘默症者家長主要的壓力來源類型為個人內在、家庭環境、學校環境及社會環境。二、選擇性緘默症者家長發展出的內在因應策略包括個人心態及教養策略；外在因應策略包括親師合作及學校資源。三、選擇性緘默症者家長給予新手家長的因應策略建議包含親子關係及支援環境。四、選擇性緘默症者家長的支持分為個人、家庭及社會等三個面向，個人支持系統為個人性格及成長進修；家庭支持系統為伴侶支持、手足支持及家族支持；社會支持系統包括網路資源、專業人員及支持團體。最後，依據上述研究結果，研究者進行省思，並對於選擇性緘默症者家長、相關制度及未來研究提出建議。The purpose of this study was to explore the parenting stress, coping strategies, and support systems of parents with selective mutism (SM) children. Ten parents with children experiencing selective mutism were invited to participate in the study. In-depth interviews were conducted using a semi-structured interview guide to understand the sources and experiences of stress, coping strategies, and support systems. A qualitative research approach was employed, and data analysis was conducted using open coding, axial coding, and selective coding from grounded theory.The results of this study are as follows: The primary sources of stress for parents of children with selective mutism include personal factors, family environment, school environment, and societal factors. Parents of children with selective mutism have developed internal coping strategies, including personal mindset and parenting strategies, as well as external coping strategies such as collaboration with teachers and utilization of school resources. Coping strategy recommendations for novice parents with children experiencing selective mutism include focusing on parent-child relationships and creating a supportive environment. Support for parents of children with selective mutism is categorized into personal, family, and societal dimensions. Personal support includes individual traits and personal growth and education. Family support includes support from partners, siblings, and extended family. Societal support encompasses online resources, professional assistance, and support groups.In conclusion, based on the study findings, the researcher reflects on the implications and offers recommendations for parents of children with selective mutism, relevant institutions, and future research.