漢韓回應讚美策略分析與教學應用——以臺韓連續劇為例

Abstract

溝通時兩個不可或缺的言語行為是讚美與回應讚美，然而發話者與受話者進行跨文化溝通的過程中，因具有不同的價值觀而對讚美與回應讚美的理解有所不同，甚至可能導致對方面子受到威脅（Chen，1993；Holmes，1986；Manes& Wolfson，1980）。透過前人的文獻發現，使用口語語料分析的回應讚美相關的研究較少，且大多數的研究以書面語料為主，因此本研究藉由Netflix的臺灣連續劇和韓國連續劇為口語語料庫，由跨文化角度為切入點，探究漢語和韓語之回應讚美。 研究結果分五種面向進行分析——回應讚美使用分布、回應讚美語言形式、讚美主題與回應讚美、性別與回應讚美、社會權勢與回應讚美。結果發現，兩種語言偏向使用迴避策略，然而依據次分類策略分析結果，漢語較常使用「無回應」策略，表示漢語人士以不反映個人的想法而維護雙方的和諧關係。而韓語較常使用「微笑」策略，韓語人士以不拒絕，同時不接受的方式保持謙讓的態度。此外，根據不同變項而得出的結果具有差異，例如發話者的社會權勢低的情況下，漢語人士主要使用合併策略，指不習慣收到讚美；韓語人士傾向採用微笑策略。 本研究將結果應用於韓籍漢語學習者之口語教學上，藉由本研究結果韓籍漢語學習者了解漢韓回應讚美策略的異同處，在漢語教師的引導下，期待韓籍漢語學習者提高口語能力，以及減少與用失誤。

Two indispensable speech acts in communication include compliments and compliment responses. However, in the process of cross-cultural communication, the interpretation of compliments and compliment responses differ due to different values of the interlocutors, and may even result in the threatening of one’s face (Chen, 1993; Holmes, 1986; Manes& Wolfson, 1980). Via an examination of past literature, it was found that there are few studies on complimentary responses based on oral corpora; the majority of past studies are based on written corpora. Therefore, the present study uses Taiwanese and Korean drama series on Netflix as an oral corpus to explore compliment responses in Chinese and Korean from a cross-cultural perspective. The results of this study are analyzed from five aspects: "distribution of compliment responses," "languageform of compliment responses," "themes of compliments and compliment responses," "gender and compliment responses," and "social power and compliment responses." According to the results, Chinese and Korean tend to use avoidance strategies. However, based on the results of secondary strategy analysis, native speakers of Chinese are more likely to use the strategy of “non-response,” reflecting that Chinese users do not express their personal feelings in an effort to maintain good relations between interlocutors. On the otherhand, native speakers of Korean are more likely to use the strategy “smile,” implying that they aim to maintain humility by not accepting nor rejecting compliments. In addition, the results also differ when analyzing different variables. For example, when the speaker has lower social power, speakers of Chinese tend to use mixed strategies, implying that they are not used to speakers with lower social power receiving compliments. However, speakers of Korean tend to use the strategy “smile.”The results of this study are expected to help Korean Chinese as a Second Language (CSL) learners to understand the differences between the compliment responses found in textbooks and those in real life via the guidance of CSL instructors so that they can avoid pragmatic failure.