新加坡華族文化與華語跨文化教學

Abstract

華語教學課程通常以中國或台灣的語言和文化為主要內容進行設計。然而，隨著全球化的發展和海外華文教育的持續深化，華語學習者所接觸到的對象已不僅僅來自兩岸三地的母語者，甚至還包括新加坡、馬來西亞、越南及印尼等世界各地的海外華族。史書美教授所提出的「華語語系」，便是強調關注世界各地華人社群、華語文化多樣性的研究理論。因此，本研究跳脫普通話或國語的主流語言和文化的框架，研究新加坡華族在歷史發展、身分認同與語言文化上的特點。本研究所探討的是以新加坡華族的新加坡性為主題的跨文化教學。學習者先是從新加坡華族的歷史發展和身分認同的建構過程了解新加坡華族。接著，透過活潑有趣的劇場教學法和音樂教學法進行華語小劇場和新謠作品的學習。華語小劇場結合了中國傳統戲曲和現代話劇的表演形式，而新謠則是受到早期台灣校園民謠的風氣所形成的音樂風格。因此，兩者在表現形式上就有如新加坡華族在傳統的本質上創造出了屬於自身的形式和風格。透過以上的教學內容有助於學習者在學習語言的過程打開國際視野，同時培養跨文化溝通的能力。論文主要分成三個部分。第一部分係以三段歷史事件作為敘述背景，分別是：1840年的鴉片戰爭時期、1949年中共建國以及1965年新加坡建國，並且對應到華僑、華人及華族三種不同的身分認同，探析新加坡華族的歷史發展和身分認同的建構。第二部分筆者選擇了新加坡華族文化當中具代表性的華語小劇場和新謠作為文本的分析對象，探討具“新加坡性”的語言和文化表現。最後一部分則是運用前兩部分的分析作為教學設計的素材，配合教學理論和方法進行課程教案的設計，冀望為華語文教學提供一個全新的視角和豐富的教學材料。Chinese language teaching courses are usually designed around the language and culture of China or Taiwan. However, with the development of globalization and the deepening of overseas Chinese education, the targets of Chinese as a second language learners now include not only native speakers from the mainland, Hong Kong, and Taiwan, but also overseas Chinese communities from Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, Indonesia, and other parts of the world. Professor Shu-mei Shih's theory of the "Sinophone" emphasizes the study of Chinese communities and the diversity of Chinese culture globally. Hence, this research moves beyond the traditional framework of Chinese Language teaching, focusing on the historical evolution, identity, and linguistic and cultural characteristics of the Singaporean Chinese. This study explores cross-cultural teaching with a theme centered on the Singaporean identity of the Chinese community. Learners begin by understanding the historical development and identity construction process of the Singaporean Chinese. Subsequently, through lively and engaging methods like theater and music, the study involves learning about Singapore Chinese Theatre and Xinyao music. Singapore Chinese Theatre combines traditional Chinese opera with modern drama, while Xinyao music, influenced by the early Taiwanese campus folk song movement, represents a musical style unique to Singapore. Thus, both forms represent how the Singaporean Chinese have created their own style and form from traditional essence. This educational content helps learners open their international perspectives and develop cross-cultural communication skills during the language learning process.The thesis is divided into three main parts. The first part is based on three historical events as the narrative background: the Opium Wars of 1840, the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949, and the independence of Singapore in 1965. These events correspond to the different identities of Overseas Chinese, Chinese, and ethnic Chinese, analyzing the historical development and identity construction of the Singaporean Chinese. The second part selects the most representative aspects of Singaporean Chinese culture, Singapore Chinese theater and Xinyao music, as the subjects of textual analysis, examining the language and cultural expressions unique to Singapore. The final part uses the analyses from the first two sections as materials for teaching design, combining educational theories and methods to develop teaching plans. The goal is to provide a new perspective and enriching materials for Chinese language teaching.