華德網路新聞之語篇標記研究與教學應用
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2021
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閱讀是學習語言的重要途徑，根據英國牛津大學數位報告（Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism），網路新聞已成為主流的新聞資訊接收來源，若能將網路新聞融入閱讀教學，除了能增加學生的閱讀量以外，亦能使其接收新聞時事，增添課堂趣味性。根據教育部逐年統計，來臺學習華語的德籍學習者逐年增加，顯示出針對德籍學習者教學研究之需要，然此類語言對比研究卻相當缺乏。因此本研究以Hyland（2005）的後設論述（metadiscourse）架構分析華語與德語網路新聞娛樂版與健康版，探討後設論述標記在不同語言以及不同新聞類別之間所展現的差異性，最後將研究結果應用於新聞閱讀教學中。本研究蒐集華語娛樂新聞、華語健康新聞、德語娛樂新聞以及德語健康新聞各100篇。研究結果顯示，華語和德語皆依賴交互式（interactive）後設論述標記以連接語篇的邏輯概念，其中使用最多的是連接標記與示證標記，顯示華語與德語新聞皆重視語篇內的邏輯連接以及引用外部資訊以加強報導內容的可信度。而用於表達記者立場態度及與讀者互動的互動式（interactional）標記則顯示，華語記者傾向以態度標記表達其立場及觀點，而德語記者則偏好使用強調標記以顯示其對於報導內容的的確定性。對比娛樂版和健康版兩類新聞的後設論述標記使用情形則可以看到，兩類新聞皆使用大量的交互式標記，而其中健康新聞的連接標記比娛樂新聞多，顯示其更重視語篇內容的連接，而娛樂新聞則使用較健康新聞多的示證標記以引用他人話語為報導內容佐證。而在互動式標記上，娛樂新聞記者使用較多的態度標記，可見其對於報導內容的自信及贊同，而健康新聞記者則傾向使用模糊標記以持保留客觀、商討的空間。綜上所述，不同語言和不同主題都能影響後設論述標記的使用情形，藉此本研究將分析結果應用於華語新聞閱讀教學設計中，使德籍學習者了解華語與德語網路新聞中各類後設論述標記詞語的使用，並進一步建構完整的語篇概念，了解作者的寫作目的及技巧，並以有效的方式進行閱讀，進而提升新聞語篇的閱讀理解能力。
Reading is a significant path for learning a language. According to the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (Oxford University, UK), online news has become a mainstream source for readers to receive news and information. If online news can be well transformed and applied into reading courses, it will not only increase students' reading volume, but also inspire their interests to learn the latest news and get their involvement in the class. According to the statistics from Ministry of Education in Taiwan, the number of German learners coming to Taiwan to learn Chinese is increasing annually, which is indicating the rising need for research on teaching German learners. However, there is a lack of language comparative studies of this field. Therefore, this study applies Hyland's (2005) concept of metadiscourse as the framework to analyze the differences between Chinese and German news on the entertainment page and health page, and further to investigate the differences between the metadiscourse in different languages and news categories. And last, the research result could be applying in the field of online news discourse.Within this study, there are 100 pieces of each categories being collected; including, Chinese entertainment news, Chinese health news, German entertainment news, and German health news. According to the research result, the most frequent used markers are the transition and evidential which indicates that both Chinese and German-language news share the same characteristics. The first is to use the transition emphasize the logic connections between texts. And the second is the evidential which is aim for enhancing the credibility of the content. Besides the two markers mentioned above, the interactional markers which aims for showing the stand and the attitude for the reports are being frequently applied in the Chinese news context. Chinese journalists tend to use attitude markers to express their stance and viewpoints, while German journalists prefer to use emphasis markers to show their certainty about the content of their reports. Comparing the use of metadiscourse markers in the entertainment and health news, we can see that both types of news use a large number of interactive markers, with more transitions in the health news than in the entertainment news, indicating that they focus more on the connection of the content of the discourse, while the entertainment news uses more evidentials than the health news to quote others to strengthen the content of the report. In terms of interactional markers, entertainment news reporters used more attitude markers to show their confidence and agreement with the content of their reports, while health news reporters tended to use hedges to reserve room for objectivity and discussion.In summary of the description above, the language and the theme differences could affect the application of metadiscourse with the text. The results of the analysis can be applied to the design of online news discourse so that German learners can understand the use of various types of metadiscourse in Chinese and German online news. In this way, it will help German leaners to further construct a complete concept within the text, understand the author's purpose and techniques, and read in an effective way to improve the comprehension toward news articles of the students.
Reading is a significant path for learning a language. According to the Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (Oxford University, UK), online news has become a mainstream source for readers to receive news and information. If online news can be well transformed and applied into reading courses, it will not only increase students' reading volume, but also inspire their interests to learn the latest news and get their involvement in the class. According to the statistics from Ministry of Education in Taiwan, the number of German learners coming to Taiwan to learn Chinese is increasing annually, which is indicating the rising need for research on teaching German learners. However, there is a lack of language comparative studies of this field. Therefore, this study applies Hyland's (2005) concept of metadiscourse as the framework to analyze the differences between Chinese and German news on the entertainment page and health page, and further to investigate the differences between the metadiscourse in different languages and news categories. And last, the research result could be applying in the field of online news discourse.Within this study, there are 100 pieces of each categories being collected; including, Chinese entertainment news, Chinese health news, German entertainment news, and German health news. According to the research result, the most frequent used markers are the transition and evidential which indicates that both Chinese and German-language news share the same characteristics. The first is to use the transition emphasize the logic connections between texts. And the second is the evidential which is aim for enhancing the credibility of the content. Besides the two markers mentioned above, the interactional markers which aims for showing the stand and the attitude for the reports are being frequently applied in the Chinese news context. Chinese journalists tend to use attitude markers to express their stance and viewpoints, while German journalists prefer to use emphasis markers to show their certainty about the content of their reports. Comparing the use of metadiscourse markers in the entertainment and health news, we can see that both types of news use a large number of interactive markers, with more transitions in the health news than in the entertainment news, indicating that they focus more on the connection of the content of the discourse, while the entertainment news uses more evidentials than the health news to quote others to strengthen the content of the report. In terms of interactional markers, entertainment news reporters used more attitude markers to show their confidence and agreement with the content of their reports, while health news reporters tended to use hedges to reserve room for objectivity and discussion.In summary of the description above, the language and the theme differences could affect the application of metadiscourse with the text. The results of the analysis can be applied to the design of online news discourse so that German learners can understand the use of various types of metadiscourse in Chinese and German online news. In this way, it will help German leaners to further construct a complete concept within the text, understand the author's purpose and techniques, and read in an effective way to improve the comprehension toward news articles of the students.
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華語, 德語, 新聞語篇, 後設論述標記, 閱讀教學應用, Chinese, German, online news discourse, metadiscourse, reading pedagogical application