國中生執行功能與生活滿意度之關聯研究──以認知彈性、情緒智力為中介變項

Abstract

本研究欲探討國中生執行功能與生活滿意度之關聯，並探討認知彈性與情緒智力對其之中介效果。本研究以便利抽樣自2所國中共7個班級回收169份有效樣本，其中男生96人，女生73人。研究工具為「認知彈性量表」、「情緒智力量表」、「生活滿意度量表」與「操作式執行功能測驗：Cold Hot Simon Task」，並透過描述統計、皮爾森積差相關、階層迴歸分析、process中介效果分析（model4）、process序列中介效果分析（model6）進行資料分析，研究結果如下：第一，情緒智力對國中生認知彈性與生活滿意度之正向相關有顯著中介效果。其中情緒智力對國中生認知彈性─選擇性與生活滿意度之正向相關有顯著中介效果；而情緒智力對國中生認知彈性─控制與生活滿意度之正向相關有顯著中介效果。第二，認知彈性與情緒智力在熱抑制與生活滿意度有序列中介的效果，即熱抑制分數較低（表現較佳）的國中生，會透過提升認知彈性與情緒智力，正向影響生活滿意度。第三，認知彈性與情緒智力在冷抑制與生活滿意度間不具有序列中介的效果。依據以上研究結果，研究者進行相關討論，並對學校教育現場、輔導工作現場以及未來研究方向提出具體建議。

This study aims to investigate the relationship between executive function and life satisfaction among junior high school students, and to explore the mediating effects of cognitive flexibility and emotional intelligence. The study employed convenient sampling and collected 169 valid samples from a total of 7 classes in 2 junior high schools, comprising 96 male students and 73 female students. The research utilized tools including the “Cognitive Flexibility Inventory,” “Emotional Intelligence Scale,” “Life Satisfaction Scale,” and the “Cold Hot Simon Task” for operational executive function assessment. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations, hierarchical regression analysis, process model 4 for mediating effects, and process model 6 for serial mediating effects. The research findings are as follows:First, There is a significant positive mediating effect of emotional intelligence on cognitive flexibility and life satisfaction in junior high school students. Besides, Emotional intelligence has a significant positive mediating effect on cognitive flexibility-choice and life satisfaction in junior high school students. And emotional intelligence has a significant positive mediating effect on cognitive flexibility-control and life satisfaction in junior high school students.Next, There is a sequential mediating effect of cognitive flexibility and emotional intelligence on executive function (hot inhibition) and life satisfaction. Specifically, junior high school students with lower scores in hot inhibition (better performance) will positively influence life satisfaction through the enhancement of cognitive flexibility and emotional intelligence.And finally, there is no sequential mediating effect of cognitive flexibility and emotional intelligence on executive function (cold inhibition) and life satisfaction.Based on the above research results, the researcher conducted relevant discussions, and provided specific recommendations for the school education sites, counseling work sites, and future research directions.